ࡱ> vxqrstu9  bjbj.*lXXXXXXXl8 Tla2"!a#a#a#a#a#a#ab d#a!X#a$XXDa$$$ XX!a$!a$$v%jZXX`t 4{l`\2`Za0a\Je$"e`$ll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files\\psc1.files\\psc1.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  45AL =0 AE5<5 F8D@K >1>7=0G0NB: ;O ?>78B82=KE A8=4@><>2;O =530B82=KE A8=4@><>21 - M<>F8>=0;L=>-38?5@MAB5B8G5A:85 @0AAB@>9AB201 - 8AB>I05<>ABL ?A8E8G5A:>9 45OB5;L=>AB82 - 0DD5:B82=K5 @0AAB@>9AB202 - AC1J5:B82=> >A>7=0205<0O 87<5=5==>ABL 3 - =52@>B8G5A:85 @0AAB@>9AB203 - >1J5:B82=K5 87<5=5=8O ;8G=>AB84 - ?0@0=>9O;L=K5, 25@10;L=K9 30;;NF8=>74 - 48A30@<>=8O ;8G=>AB85 - :0B0B>=8G5A:85, ?0@0D@5==K5, ?0@0=>84=K55 - A=865=85 M=5@35B8G5A:>3> ?>B5=F80;06 - ?><@0G5=85 A>7=0=8O6 - A=865=85 C@>2=O ;8G=>AB87 - ?0@0<=57887 - @53@5AA ;8G=>AB88 - AC4>@>388 - 0<=5AB8G5A:85 @0AAB@>9AB209 - ?A8E>>@30=8G5A:85 @0AAB@>9AB209 - A;01>C<8510 - ?A8E8G5A:89 <0@07< ?A8E80B@8G5A:>9 B5@<8=>;>388 ACI5AB2CNB ?>=OB8O, :>B>@K5 A;C60B 4;O >1>7=0G5=8O H8@>:8E 3@C?? A8=4@><>2, =>7>;>38G5A:8E 548=8F, A>AB>O=89, >1J548=5==KE >1I8<8 :@8B5@8O<8, =0E>4OI8EAO =0 >1I5< C@>2=5 =0@CH5=8O ?A8E8G5A:>9 45OB5;L=>AB8. 40?B0F8O - 459AB285 ;8G=>AB8 2 B0:>< 480?07>=5 A>F80;L=>9 A@54K, :>B>@K9 =5 2KO2;O5B ?0B>;>38G5A:>3> A:;040 ;8G=>AB8, 8 B@51>20=8O :>B>@>3> ?>A8;L=K 4;O =52@>B8G5A:8E, ?A8E>?0B8G5A:8E 8 0:F5=BC8@>20==KE :><?>=5=B>2 E0@0:B5@0. ><?5=A0F8O - >B@01>B0==0O ?>4 2;8O=85< 2=5H=59 A@54K A?>A>1=>ABL ;8G=>AB8 70<5I0BL 2@54=K5, 457040?B8@CNI85 E0@0:B5@>;>38G5A:85 :0G5AB20 ?>;57=K<8 8;8 =59B@0;L=K<8. 8?5@:><?5=A0F8O O2;O5BAO G@57<5@=K< @0728B85< :><?5=A0F88, :>340 AD>@<8@>20==K5 :><?5=A0B>@=K5 :0G5AB20 A0<8 ?@8>1@5B0NB ?0B>;>38G5A:>5 72CG0=85, AC1:><?5=A0F8O - =54>AB0B>: :><?5=A0F88, =5CAB>9G82>5 @02=>25A85 A B5=45=F859 : A@K2C :><?5=A0F88. 0728B85 ;8G=>AB8 - ?>AB5?5==>5 D>@<8@>20=85 ?0B>;>38G5A:>3> ;8G=>AB=>3> A:;040, =0@0AB0=85 ?0B>;>38G5A:8E G5@B ?;02=>, 157 2:;8=5=8O 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE ?0B>35=5B8G5A:8E <5E0=87<>2. @>F5AA - ?>AB5?5==>5, =5?@5@K2=> =0@0AB0NI55 87<5=5=85 ;8G=>AB8, 70E20BK20NI55 2AN ;8G=>ABL, 2>7=8:0NI55 M=4>35==>, 2 O4@5 ;8G=>AB8, GC64>5 ;8G=>AB8, G0AB> 8<5NI55 "B>G:C >BAG5B0". >7=8:H85 >4=064K A8<?B><K 8 A8=4@><K @072820NBAO, CA;>6=ONBAO, ?>O2;ONBAO =>2K5, :>B>@KE =5 1K;> 2 =0G0;5. @>F5AA >2;045205B ;8G=>ABLN, ?>4G8=O5B 55 A515. 50:F8O - ?@>AB59H0O D>@<0 ?>3@0=8G=KE @0AAB@>9AB2 (A<. =865), :>B>@0O <>65B 1KBL ?A8E>35==>9 (A?@>2>F8@>20==>9 D0:B>@0<8 >:@C60NI59 A@54K), E0@0:B5@>;>38G5A:>9 (@57:>5 CA8;5=85 ?@82KG=KE A?>A>1>2 @5038@>20=8O =0 2>7459AB285 A@54K), 0DD5:B82=>9 - :@0B:>2@5<5==K5 A>AB>O=8O 2 >B25B =0 8=48284C0;L=> 7=0G8<K5 ?A8E8G5A:85 B@02<K. 52@>7 - ?A8E>35==>5 (>AB@> 2>7=8:H55 8;8 O2;ONI55AO @57C;LB0B>< E@>=8G5A:>3> 2>7459AB28O ?A8E>B@02<8@CNI59 A8BC0F88) ?A8E8G5A:>5 @0AAB@>9AB2>, ?@>O2;ONI55AO A?5F8D8G5A:8<8 :;8=8G5A:8<8 D5=><5=0<8, E0@0:B5@87CNI8<8AO >1@0B8<>ABLN, A2O7LN A ?A8E8G5A:>9 B@02<>9, 4><8=8@>20=85< 0DD5:B82=KE 8 2535B0B82=KE @0AAB@>9AB2 ?@8 >BACBAB288 ?A8E>B8G5A:>9 A8<?B><0B8:8. 52@>7>?>4>1=>5 A>AB>O=85 - =5A<>B@O =0 AE>4AB2> A =52@>7>< >B;8G05BAO A:C4=>ABLN A8<?B><>2, >BACBAB285< A2O78 A ?A8E>B@02<>9, AB5@5>B8?=K< @0728B85<. :F5=BC0F8O E0@0:B5@0 - G@57<5@=>5, =0E>4OI55AO =0 3@0=8F5 A =>@<>9 (A ?0B>;>3859?) 70>AB@5=85 >B45;L=KE E0@0:B5@>;>38G5A:8E G5@B. A8E>?0B8O - A>AB>O=85, E0@0:B5@87CNI55AO 2K@065==>ABLN ?0B>;>38G5A:8E G5@B E0@0:B5@0, 8E B>B0;L=>ABLN, ?@>=87K20NI59 2AN ;8G=>ABL, =5>1@0B8<>ABLN, 254CI55 : =0@CH5=8N A>F80;L=>9 040?B0F88. >3@0=8G=K5 ?A8E8G5A:85 @0AAB@>9AB20 - 3@C??0 @0AAB@>9AB2, >B25G0NI0O >1I8< :@8B5@8O<, 2:;NG0NI8< ?@5>1;040=85 =52@>B8G5A:>3> (=5?A8E>B8G5A:>3>) C@>2=O ?A8E>?0B>;>38G5A:8E ?@>O2;5=89, 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L - 0DD5:B82=KE @0AAB@>9AB2, A2O7L 8E A 2535B0B82=K<8 48ADC=:F8O<8, A><0B8G5A:8<8 @0AAB@>9AB20<8, =0@CH5=8O<8 A=0, 254CICN @>;L ?A8E>35==KE D0:B>@>2 2 2>7=8:=>25=88 A8<?B><>2, =0;8G85 <8=8<0;L=KE >@30=8G5A:8E ?@548A?>78F89, >1;53G0NI8E =0ABC?;5=85 45:><?5=A0F88, 2708<>A2O7L @0AAB@>9AB20 A ;8G=>ABLN 1>;L=>3> (;8G=>AB=>5 A>>B25BAB285), A>E@0=5=85 1>;L=K<8 :@8B8G5A:>3> >B=>H5=8O : >A=>2=K< ?@>O2;5=8O< 1>;57=8.  C:070==>9 3@C??5 >B=>AOB, :0: ?@028;>, 0:F5=BC0F88 E0@0:B5@0, =52@>7K, ?A8E>?0B88, =52@>B8G5A:85 @0728B8O ;8G=>AB8, =52@>B8G5A:85 @50:F88, ?0B>E0@0:B5@>;>38G5A:85 @0728B8O ;8G=>AB8. A8E>7 - A>AB>O=85, E0@0:B5@87CNI55AO @57:8< @0AAB@>9AB2>< ?A8E8G5A:>9 45OB5;L=>AB8, A>?@>2>640NI55AO 1@54><, 30;;NF8=0F8O<8, ?><@0G5=85< A>7=0=8O, 2K@065==K<8 42830B5;L=K<8 8 0DD5:B82=K<8 @0AAB@>9AB20<8, 8<5NI55 A2>8 70:>=><5@=>AB8 48=0<8:8. !:;04 ;8G=>AB8, :>=AB8BCF8O - B8? 2KAH59 =5@2=>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 G5;>25:0, 87=0G0;L=> AD>@<8@>20==K9 AB5@5>B8? >B25B>2 ;8G=>AB8 =0 2>7459AB28O >:@C60NI59 A@54K. ;87:8< ?> A<KA;C O2;O5BAO B5@<8= "B5<?5@0<5=B". #A;>2=> ?@8=OB> 2K45;OBL :>=AB8BCF88 H87>84=CN, E0@0:B5@87CNICNAO >4=>2@5<5==> G@57<5@=>9 GC2AB28B5;L=>ABLN 8 M<>F8>-=0;L=>9 E>;>4=>ABLN, ?@8GC4;82>9 ?0@04>:A0;L=>ABLN 2=CB@5==53> <8@0, 0CB8G=>ABLN, E0@0:B5@87CNI59AO 1>30BAB2>< 2=CB@5==53> <8@0 8 AC65=85< 2=5H=8E :>=B0:B>2 8;8 8E D>@<0;L=>ABLN, A:;>==>ABLN : 01AB@0:F8O<, F8:;>84=CN, ?@>O2;ONICNAO :>;510=85< =0AB@>5=8O, A>?@>2>640NI85AO A>>B25BAB2CNI8<8 2=5H=8<8 8 2=CB@5==8<8 ?@>O2;5=8O<8, M?8;5?B>84=CN, 45<>=AB@8@CNICN 2>71C48<>ABL, 2O7:>ABL 0DD5:B0, 3=52;82>ABL, D8:A0F8N =0 >B@8F0B5;L=KE M<>F8OE 8 2<5AB5 A B5< ;N1>2L : ?>@O4:C, <5;>G=>ABL, 8AB5@8G5A:CN, >B@060NICN B50B@0;L=>ABL, 702KH5==CN A0<>>F5=:C, 871KB>G=CN (=083@0==CN) O@:>ABL ?5@5-6820=89, ;>6=CN <=>3>7=0G8B5;L=>ABL, 6064C ?@87=0=8O, AB@5<;5=85 1KBL 2 F5=B@5 2=8<0=8O. 865 <K ?@82>48< ?@8<5@=CN AE5<C :;0AA8D8:0F88 ?A8E8G5A:8E 1>;57=59, ?@8=OBCN 2 :;0AA8G5A:>9 ?A8E80B@88. 0745; 1. -=4>35==K5 ?A8E8G5A:85 701>;520=8O. - (87>D@5=8O, <0=80:0;L=>-45?@5AA82=K9 ?A8E>7, 8=2>;NF8>==K5 ?A8E>7K (?A8E>7K ?>74=53> 2>7@0AB0) 0745; 2. -=4>35==>->@30=8G5A:85 701>;520=8O. - -?8;5?A8O, 0B@>D8G5A:85 ?@>F5AAK 3>;>2=>3> <>730 (AB0@G5A:>5 A;01>C<85, 1>;57=8 ;LF359<5@0, 8:0, E>@5O 5=B8=3B>=0, 1>;57=L 0@:8=A>=0), =0A;54AB25==K5 >@30=8G5A:85 701>;520=8O. 0745; 3. -:7>35==>->@30=8G5A:85 701>;520=8O. - !>AC48ABK5 701>;520=8O <>730, ?A8E8G5A:85 @0AAB@>9AB20 ?@8 B@02<0E, >?CE>;OE, M=F5D0;8BK, A8D8;8A 3>;>2=>3> <>730, @0AAB@>9AB20 ?@8 >@30=8G5A:8E, M=4>:@8==KE 701>;520=8OE. 0745; 4. -:7>35==K5 ?A8E8G5A:85 @0AAB@>9AB20. - !8<?B><0B8G5A:85 ?A8E>7K (?@8 8=D5:F8OE, >B@02;5=8OE, A><0B8G5A:8E 701>;520=8OE), B>:A8:><0=88, 2:;NG0O 0;:>3>;87< 8 B010:>:C@5=85. 0745; 5. A8E>35==K5 701>;520=8O. - 52@>7K, @50:B82=K5 ?A8E>7K (2>7=8:H85 2 @57C;LB0B5 ?A8E>B@02<K). 0745; 6. 0B>;>38O ?A8E8G5A:>3> @0728B8O. - ;83>D@5=88 (2@>645==>5 A;01>C<85), ?A8E>?0B88. A8E8G5A:85 701>;520=8O G@572KG09=> <=>3>>1@07=K, 8 =0H59 F5;LN =5 O2;O5BAO 8E :;8=8G5A:>5 >?8A0=85.  ?>A;54CNI8E @0745;0E, ?>A2OI5==KE >B45;L=K< 701>;520=8O< 8 A>AB>O=8O<, <K 1C45< C45;OBL 1>;LH55 2=8<0=85 >1I5=8N A ?>4>1=K<8 1>;L=K<8.  >?8A0=88 MB>9 G0AB8 <K 1C45< ?@845@6820BLAO ?@56=53> ?@8=F8?0 - >B A8<?B><0 : =>7>;>38G5A:>9 D>@<5. =5H=85 ?@>O2;5=8O A8<?B><>2 ?A8E8G5A:8E 1>;57=59. 8 >4=> 87 87<5=5=89, ?@>8AE>4OI8E A =0<8, >A>15==>, 5A;8 MB> 87<5=5=85 4>AB02;O5B =0< =5C4>1AB2>, =5 ?@>E>48B <8<> =0H53> 2=8<0=8O. A;8 65 40==K5 87<5=5=8O 2>A?@8=8<0NBAO =0<8 :0: ?>AB>@>==85, =5 8<5NI85 >B=>H5=8O : =0< (=0H5<C B5;C, =0H59 4CH5), B> <K B0: 8;8 8=0G5 ?@>O2;O5< : =8< A2>5 >B=>H5=85. A>15==>ABLN ?@>O2;5=89 A8<?B><>2 ?A8E8G5A:8E 1>;57=59 O2;O5BAO 8E AC1J5:B82=>ABL, 4>ABC?=>ABL B>;L:> A0<><C G5;>25:C, C :>B>@>3> >=8 >1=0@C6820NBAO.  7028A8<>AB8 >B B>3>, :@8B8G5A:8 ;8 >= >B=>A8BAO : =8<, >=8 A?>A>1=K 2 1>;L-H59 8;8 <5=LH59 <5@5 ?@>O2;OBLAO 2 53> ?>2545=88, :>B>@>5 <K <>65< >F5=8BL A> AB>@>=K. 06=K< :@8B5@85< =0;8G8O A8<?B><0 O2;ONBAO 60;>1K 1>;L=>3>. >A:>;L:C =0< =5 ?@8E>48BAO 2 =0AB>OI89 <><5=B 3>2>@8BL > A8<C;OF88 ?A8E8G5A:8E 1>;57=59, <K 1C45< ?>:0 a priori 2>A?@8=8<0BL ?>2545=85 1>;L=>3> :0: 5AB5AB25==>5 (A ?>?@02:>9 =0 53> ?0B>;>38G5A:>5 A>-AB>O=85). >@>9 1>;L=K5 =5 <>3CB ?@028;L=> AD>@<C;8@>20BL, GB> 8E 15A?>:>8B, >=8 2K@060NB A2>5 A>AB>O=85 1KB>2K< O7K:><, 8 GB>1K ?>=OBL, A :0:8<8 A8<?B><0<8 (A8=4@><0<8) <K 8<55< 45;>, =5>1E>48<> 7040BL 1>;L=><C @O4 CB>G=ONI8E 2>?@>A>2, AB0@0OAL ?>425AB8 G5;>25:0 : B>G=>9 D>@<C;8@>2:5. 5;L7O 704020BL 2>?@>AK 3@C1>, =5 AB>8B A?@0H820BL 1>;L=>3> B0:, GB>1K >= 70?>4>7@8;, GB> 2K =0AB>@>65=K. 07C<55BAO =5;L7O ?@>O2;OBL =52=8<0B5;L=>ABL 8;8 15AB0:B=>ABL. @>O28B5 CG0AB85, A?@>A8B5, :>340 2>7=8:;8 >?8AK205<K5 O2;5=8O, <>6=> ;8 8E A G5<-;81> A2O70BL, :0: >=8 87<5=8;8AL 70 MB>B ?5@8>4 2@5<5=8. 5;L7O 8A?>;L7>20BL ?A8E80B@8G5A:8E B5@<8=>2, ;CGH5 =07K20BL O2;5=85 B0:, :0: =07K205B 53> 1>;L=>9. '0AB> ;N48, 2?5@2K5 8A?KB02H85 :0:85-;81> ?A8E>?0B>;>38G5A:85 ?@>O2;5=8O, =5 A?5H0B >1@0I0BLAO : 2@0GC, 4>;3>5 2@5<O A>ACI5AB2CNB =0548=5 A 1>;57=LN, 8 5A;8 8 >B:@K20NBAO, B> =5 B>;L:> A0<K< 1;87-:8< 4@C7LO<, @>4=K<, => 8 ?5@2K< 2AB@5G=K<, 2K7202H8< C =8E 4>25-@85. >7<>6=>, MB> A2O70=> A 65;0=85< ?@>25@8BL, A>>B25BAB2CNB ;8 8A?KBK205<K5 8<8 GC2AB20, 2>A?@8=8<05<K5 8<8 >1@07K 8 B. 4. - B><C, GB> 2>A?@8=8<0NB, >ICI0NB, ?5@56820NB >:@C60NI85. >@>9 A;CG09=K9 ?@>E>689 <>65B >:070BL @5H0NI55 2;8O=85 =0 40;L=59HCN AC4L1C G5;>25:0. :0702H8AL 2 A8BC0F88, :>340 2K >:070;8AL G5;>25:><, =0 :>=B0:B A :>B>@K< 845B 1>;L=>9, 871@02 20A 2 B>;?5 ?> :0:8<-B> >A>1K< AC1J5:B82=K< :@8B5@8O<, >F5=8B5 ?5@2K< 45;>< >1AB0=>2:C 2>:@C3 8 ?@8<5@LB5 55 =0 ?>2545=85 =57=0:><F0. A<>B@8B5AL, ?>AB0@09B5AL >F5=8BL, 5A;8 C 20A ?CB8 : 153AB2C, 5A;8 =0 20A 1C45B A>25@H5=> =0?045=85, >F5=8B5 ?>B5=F80;L=CN (E>BO 1K =0 20H 273;O4) 25@>OB=>ABL B0:>3> @0728B8O A>1KB89, ?>AB0@09B5AL ?>=OBL, B@572 ;8 20H A>15A54=8:, ?>=01;N409B5 70 53> <8<8:>9, 65AB0<8. F5=8B5, A:;04=> ;8 72CG8B 53> @5GL. 1@0B8B5 2=8<0=85 =0 53> >4564C. A;8 >B<5G5==K5 20<8 45B0;8 2 A>2>:C?=>AB8 A2845B5;LAB2CNB, GB> 1;8609H55 2@5<O 20< =5 3@>78B >?0A=>ABL, <>65B5 2ABC?8BL 2 15A54C. 0?@>B82, =5 AB>8B A0<><C 84B8 =0 :>=B0:B A G5;>25:><, ?>2545=85 :>B>@>3> =0AB>@>68;> 20A.  MB>< A;CG05 ?@54A:070BL ?>A;54AB28O >:07K205BAO =0<=>3> B@C4=55 8 2K ?>425@305B5 A51O @8A:C (2?@>G5<, A:070==>5 =5 7=0G8B, GB> MB>3> =5;L7O 45;0BL, 81> 2 :064>< A;CG05 MB>B 2>?@>A @5H05BAO =0H59 A>25ABLN). A;8 2K >:070;8AL A2845B5;5< ?>4>1=>9 A8BC0F88, 8 =0 20H 273;O4, G5;>25: =C6405BAO 2 ?><>I8, =5>1E>48<> >1@0B8BLAO : <8;8F88. @><5 60;>1, :>B>@K5 ?@54JO2;O5B =0< 1>;L=>9, > @O45 A8<?B><>2 <>6=> AC48BL :>A25==> ?> 53> ?>2545=8N. 4=0:>, =04> ?><=8BL, GB> >4=8 8 B5 65 459AB28O <>3CB >B@060BL A>25@H5==> @07=K5 A>AB>O=8O. 0?@8<5@, G0AB>5 <KBL5 @C: <>65B A2845B5;LAB2>20BL :0: > 1>O7=8 703@O7=5=8O (<87>D>188), B0: 8 > 1@545 >B@02;5=8O (?@54<5BK, 4> :>B>@KE O 4>B@03820NAL, >1@01>B0=K O4><), B0:, MB> <>65B 1KBL =02O7G82>5 459AB285 8;8 @8BC0;, <>65B O2;OBLAO 8AB5@8G5A:8< 65;0=85< ?>4G5@:=CBL A2>N CB>=G5==>ABL, ;81> 2>A?8B0=85, ;81>, =0:>=5F, ;N1>2L : G8AB>B5. >MB><C ;N1K5 ?@>O2;5=8O ?A8E8G5A:>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 <>6=> >F5=820BL B>;L:> 2 A>2>:C?=>AB8.  G0AB=>AB8, >1@0B8B5 2=8<0=85 =0 A;54CNI85 45B0;8: F5=82 2K@065=85 ;8F0 20H53> A>15A54=8:0 8 53> ?>AB>O=AB2>, 2K A<>65B5 ?>=OBL 3>A?>4AB2CNI89 0DD5:B. A;8 1>;L=>9 2>71C645=, 2 3=525, 2545B A51O 03@5AA82=>, ;81> 53> 0DD5:B82=K5 @50:F88 1KAB@> <5=ONBAO, MB> 4>;6=> 20A =0AB>@>68BL. !;54C5B ?><=8BL, GB> 03@5AA8N, =0?@02;5==CN =0 20A, :0: ?@028;>, ?@>2>F8@C5B 20H5 =5?@028;L=>5 ?>2545=85. 0AAB@>9AB20 >@85=B8@>2:8 ?@>O2;ONBAO @0AB5@O==>ABLN, 1>;L=>9 2K3;O48B =54>C<5==>, G0AB> A?@0H8205B, 345 >= =0E>48BAO, :0: ?>?0ABL 2 B> 8;8 8=>5 <5AB>, 15A?><>I=> >78@05BAO ?> AB>@>=0<. 0AAB@>9AB20 <KH;5=8O O@:> ?@>O2;ONBAO 2 @5G8, E>BO ?>@>9 =5>1E>48< 4>2>;L=> 1>;LH>9 >?KB, ?@5645 G5< C405BAO @0A?>7=020BL =53@C1K5 @0AAB@>9AB20 <KH;5=8O 2 15A545. @54 <>6=> 2KO28BL =5 B>;L:> ?>A;CH02 2KA:07K20=8O 1>;L=>3>, => 8 ?@>A;5482 70 53> 459AB28O<8, :>B>@K5 >B@060NB 53> 8458, A;C60B 8E 2>?;>I5=8N. 0?@8<5@, 1>;L=>9, C15645==K9, GB> ?@>B82 =53> 70<KH;O5BAO ?@5ABC?;5=85 (=0?@8<5@, 7;>C<KH;5==8:8, :>B>@KE >= @07>1;0G8;, =5?@5<5==> ?>?KB0NBAO @0A?@028BLAO A =8<) 1C45B ?@54?@8=8<0BL 459AB28O, :>B>@K5 <>3CB >15A?5G8BL 53> 157>?0A=>ABL: 70?0A0BLAO ?>4@CG=K<8 A@54AB20<8 4;O A0<>>1>@>=K, ?@>A8BL A>A5459 1KBL =0G5:C, 5A;8 >= ?>7>25B 8E =0 ?><>IL 8 B. 4. >;L=>9 1C45B >1@0I0BLAO 2 <8;8F8N, 0 :>340 53> 60;>1K =5 =094CB ?>4B25@645=8O, 8 8E AB0=CB >AB02;OBL 157 2=8<0=8O - 2 3075BK, =0 B5;52845=85, 2 @07;8G=K5 8=AB0=F88. @82545< ?@8<5@.  @540:F8N >4=>9 87 <>A:>2A:8E 3075B ?@8H;> ?8AL<> >B 3@-:8 ., 67 ;5B, A;54CNI53> A>45@60=8O: "48=AB25==>5, GB> B2>@8BAO 2 MB>< 4><5, 87;CG0NB <>5 68;L5, 3>=ONBAO 2 B@0=A?>@B5 A 0??0@0BC@>9, C65 A 1991 3>40. / 25B5@0= 2>9=K, 67 ;5B, <5=O ?@52@0B8;8 2 7><18. AN4C ?8A0;0, 4> ?@57845=B0, =8 >48= G8=>2=8: =5 ?><>3. N48 >725@5;8. AO =045640 =0 0A" (>@D>3@0D8O A>E@0=5=0). 5@54 =0<8 A8=4@>< ?A8E8G5A:>3> 02B><0B87<0 (0=48=A:>3>-;5@0<1>): 1@54 ?@5A;54>20=8O (70 1>;L=>9 "3>=ONBAO A 0??0@0BC@>9"), 2>7459AB28O (55 "87;CG0NB" - =5>;>387< 2 @0<:0E @0AAB@>9AB20 <KH;5=8O), >B:@KB>ABL (=0 =55 <>6=> 2>7459AB2>20BL), GC2AB2> >2;045=8O, GC64>ABL A2>8E ?A8E8G5A:8E ?@>O2;5=89 ("?@52@0B8;8 2 7><18"). 07C<55BAO, ?5@5C15640BL 1>;L=>3> A 1@54>< 15A?>;57=>. -B> <>65B B>;L:> >1845BL 53> ("<=5 =5 25@OB, 0 O AB@040N"), 2ABC?0BL A =8< 2 :>=B0:B @8A:>20==>: >AB@K9 1@54 E0@0:B5@87C5BAO 1KAB@K< @0728B85<, 8 2K <>65B5 1KBL 2:;NG5=K 2 D01C;C 1@540, =0?@8<5@, 2 :0G5AB25 8<5==> B>3> 7;>C<KH;5==8:0, :>B>@K9 60645B A<5@B8 1>;L=>3>, =0?@8<5@, ?>B><C, GB> C 20A :>@>B:0O AB@86:0, 0 2A5 =05<=K5 C189FK AB@865=K :>@>B:> (=5 ?KB09B5AL =09B8 745AL ;>38:C, C 1@540 ":@820O ;>38:0"), E@>=8G5A:89 1@54 B0:65 <>65B ?@5B5@?520BL ?>AB5?5==>5 @0728B85, 8 1>;L=>9 @0=> 8;8 ?>74=> =0G8=05B "?>=8<0BL", GB> 8<5==> 2K - AB>;L 4>;3> 2KA;568205<K9 8< ;N1>2=8: 53> 65=K ("=5 A;CG09=> MB> 53> B0: 708=B5@5A>20;>"). 0AAB@>9AB20 2>A?@8OB8O 2K7K20NB A>>B25BAB2CNI85 @50:F88 C 1>;L=KE - >=8 A>A@54>B>G5==> =01;N40NB, ?@8A;CH820NBAO, 8E <8<8:0, 65ABK A2845B5;LAB2CNB > 8E @50:F88 =0 2848<K5 >1@07K 8 A;KH8<K5 72C:8. 0?@8<5@, 5A;8 G5;>25: 2848B CAB@0H0NI85 >1@07K, :>B>@K5 2>A?@8=8<0NBAO 8< :0: @50;L=> ACI5AB2CNI85, 53> ;8F> 1C45B >B@060BL AB@0E, >= 1C45B ?@54?@8=8<0BL ?>?KB:8 : 153AB2C, : 70I8B5. !B0@0OAL 871028BLAO >B =04>52H8E 3>;>A>2 1>;L=>9 70BK:05B CH8, ;81> =0?@>B82, 8I5B 273;O4>< 8AB>G=8: 72C:0. @8 B0:B8;L=KE 30;;NF8=0F8OE, A>?@>2>640NI8EAO GC2AB2>< ?>;70=8O ?> B5;C =0A5:><KE, ?>O2;5=8O =0 B5;5 ?>AB>@>==8E (>?@545;5==KE) ?@54<5B>2 1>;L=>9 1C45B AB0@0BLAO 871028BLAO >B =8E, AB@OE=CBL 4>A0640NI85 5<C ?@54<5BK 8;8 682>B=KE. !;54C5B ?><=8BL, GB> :0: ?@028;>, 30;;NF8=0F88 =5 2>7=8:0NB 87>;8@>20==>, MB> >4=> 87 ?@>O2;5=89 ?A8E>70. > 2A5E A;CG0OE, :>340 2K AB0;:8205B5AL A A>AB>O=85<, A>?@>2>640NI8<AO =0@CH5=85< A>7=0=8O (?@8?04:8, ;81> 8=K5, AE>4=K5 A =8<8 ?> ?@8@>45 A>AB>O=8O, ?><@0G5=85 A>7=0=8O) - 2>7459AB2>20BL =0 1>;L=>3> A;>20<8 =52>7<>6=>.  :0G5AB25 @57N<5 40==>3> @0745;0, >1>1I0O A2545=8O, A>45@60I85AO 2 @0745;0E, ?>A2OI5==KE A8<?B><0< 8 A8=4@><0< ?A8E8G5A:8E @0AAB@>9AB2, ?5@5G8A;8< =081>;55 B8?8G=K5 A>AB>O=8O, :>340 1>;L=K5 <>3CB A>25@H8BL D878G5A:>5 =0A8;85 =04 >:@C60NI8<8 8 =04 A>1>9, B.5. ?@54AB02;ONB >?0A=>ABL ?>68;K5 <C6G8=K A ?0@0=>84=K< 1@54>< ;8F0 A 8<?5@0B82=K<8 (?@8:07K20NI8<8 A>25@H0BL :0:85-;81> 459AB28O) 30;;NF8=0F8O<8 ;8F0 A 1@54>< @52=>AB8 ;8F0 A >?0A=K< ?>2545=85< =0 D>=5 45?@5AA82=>3> 8;8 <0=80:0;L=>3> 0DD5:B0 65=I8=K 2 A>AB>O=88 3;C1>:>9 45?@5AA88 (=0A8;85 1K205B =0?@02;5=> =0 45B59) AC<5@5G=K5 ?><@0G5=8O A>7=0=8O C<AB25==0O >BAB0;>ABL A =0@CH5=8O<8 ;8G=>AB8 8 ?>2545=8O 0;:>3>;87<, >A>15==> A>AB>O=85 01AB8=5=F88 (>BACBAB28O 0;:>3>;O) =0@:>B8G5A:>5 >?LO=5=85 8;8 A>AB>O=85 01AB8=5=F88 (>BACBAB28O =0@:>B8:0) ;8F0 A =0@CH5=8O<8 2;5G5=8O >2545=85 2 M:AB@5<0;L=KE A8BC0F8OE. >4 M:AB@5<0;L=K<8 A8BC0F8O<8 <K 1C45< ?>=8<0BL B0:85 A>2>:C?=>AB8 CA;>289, :>B>@K5 70:;NG0NB 2 A515 >?0A=>ABL 4;O 687=8 8 74>@>2LO ;N459 8 2 :>B>@KE =5>1E>48<> 1KAB@> ?@8=8<0BL A>>B25BAB2CNI55 @5H5=85, A?>A>1=>5 @07@5H8BL A8BC0F8N, ;81> A<O3G8BL 55 ?>A;54AB28O. !?@>3=>78@>20BL 25AL A?5:B@ ?>4>1=KE A8BC0F89 <0;>25@>OB=>, >4=0:> =081>;55 B8?8G=K5 87 =8E <K @0745;8;8 =0 425 :0B53>@88: 3@5AA8O, =0?@02;5==0O ?@>B82 20A. 3@5AA8O - MB> ;N10O D>@<0 ?>2545=8O, =0F5;5==>3> =0 >A:>@1;5=85 8;8 ?@8G8=5=85 2@540 4@C3><C 682><C ACI5AB2C, =5 65;0NI5<C ?>4>1=>3> >1@0I5=8O. O4 02B>@>2, >A>15==> ?A8E>0=0;8B8:8, A:;>==K @0AH8@OBL ?>=8<0=85 03@5AA88, AG8B0O, GB> >1J5:B>< 03@5AA88 <>65B 1KBL 8 ;N1>9 =5682>9 >1J5:B.  ;N1>< A;CG05 03@5AA8O - =565;0B5;L=>5 2>7459AB285, =0?@02;5==>5 872=5, :>B>@>3>, B0: 8;8 8=0G5, =5>1E>48<> 871560BL. 0209B5 @0AA<>B@8< 4;O ?@8<5@0 A;54CNI89 0;3>@8B<: A=>2=K5 ?@8G8=K 03@5AA88: =503@5AA82=0O ?@>2>:0F8O A> AB>@>=K ;8F0, AB0=>2OI53>AO 70B5< >1J5:B>< 03@5AA88, =0?@8<5@, G5@5AGC@ :>@>B:0O N1:0 2 A>G5B0=88 A :>;3>B0<8 (;CGH5 GC;:0<8 =0 1@5B5;OE) 2 A5B>G:C (8 >1O70B5;L=> A :@C6520<8!), 87OI=K< B>?>< (8;8 MB> 1NAB30;LB5@?), B>=:>9 A830@8;;>9, O@:8< ;0:>< =0 4;8==KE =>3BOE, B><=K< ;8G8:>< 8 =0E>645=85< 157 >?@545;5==KE ?@8G8= (;CGH5 2 >48=>G5AB25) 2>7;5 1;8609H59 AB>O=:8 B0:A8 =02545B, 2>7<>6=>, A;CG09=>3> ?@>E>653> =0 <KA;L, GB> 452CH:C AB>8;> 1K ?@>2>48BL 4><>9 (20@80=B: : A515 4><>9). !8BC0F8O =0AB>;L:> AB5@5>B8?=0, GB> >B:07 2 ?>4>1=>9 A8BC0F88 ?@8=5A5B @07>G0@>20=85 8 >184C, :>B>@0O <>65B O28BLAO AB0@B>2>9 B>G:>9 4;O 70?CA:0 03@5AA82=KE 459AB289. 03@5AA82=>5 ?>2545=85 ;8F0, A;C60I55 70?CA:>< >B25B=>9 03@5AA82=>9 @50:F88, =0?@8<5@, ?>?KB:0 ?@>;57BL 157 >G5@548. 03@5AA82=>5 8;8 ?@>2>F8@CNI55 ?>2545=85 4@C38E ;8F, 2 >B=>H5=88 :>B>@KE 03@5AA8O =52>7<>6=0, =0?@8<5@, ?>@:0 AK=0 (@07C<55BAO, 42>5G=8:0 8 ;>1>B@OA0) ?0?0H59, :>B>@><C A53>4=O 2;5B5;> =0 @01>B5 >B H5D0. 2=CB@5==55 A>AB>O=85 03@5AA>@0, <0;>7028AOI55 >B 2=5H=8E >1AB>OB5;LAB2, O2;ONI55AO A;54AB285< A;>6=>3> :><?;5:A0 ?>1C48B5;L=KE ?@8G8=, =0 :>B>@K5 >:@C60NI85 =5 2 A8;0E ?>2;8OBL, ;81> =0;8G85 C 03@5AA>@0 ?A8E8G5A:>3> @0AAB@>9AB20. 7 2KH5?5@5G8A;5==KE ?C=:B>2 A;54C5B 2K2>4: =5 1C4LB5 ?@>2>:0B>@><! 50;870F8O 03@5AA88: <54;5==0O @50;870F8O 2 ?@>F5AA5 @0728B8O :>=D;8:B=>9 A8BC0F88, =0?@8<5@, :>340 2K ?@>4>;605B5 ;57BL 157 >G5@548, E>BO 20< C65 B@864K A45;0;8 4>2>;L=> @57:85 70<5G0=8O, ;81> 2K 2ABC?8;8 2 A?>@, AA>@C, 8 8=A?8@8@C5B5 =0@0AB0=85 :>=D;8:B0, @0A?0;OO A>15A54=8:0 (4065 5A;8 2K 2545B5 A51O :>@@5:B=>).  40==>9 A8BC0F88 =0?@0H8205BAO 2K2>4: 5A;8 =07@5205B :>=D;8:B, =5>1E>48<> ;81> A>7=0B5;L=> 84B8 =0 :>=D;8:B, ;81> A@>G=> 8A:0BL 2KE>40 87 A8BC0F88 (?>2>40 C9B8, >B;>68BL @073>2>@ 8 B.4.). <54;5==0O 8;8 2=570?=0O 03@5AA8O (=0?045=85) A G5B:> >A>7=0205<K<8 =0?040NI8< F5;O<8, =0?@8<5@, >3@01;5=85. 45AL =5>1E>48<>, >F5=82 A5@L57=>ABL =0<5@5=89 ?@>B82=8:0, ?@54?@8=OBL 2 7028A8<>AB8 >B >1AB>OB5;LAB2, A;54CNI55: 5A;8 A>>B=>H5=85 A8; 70254><> =5 2 20HC ?>;L7C, =0?040NI89 459AB2C5B AB@5<8B5;L=>, ?><>I8 640BL =5>B:C40, ?CB8 4;O 153AB20 =5B, ;CGH5 2K?>;=8BL 53> B@51>20=85, 5A;8 >=> =5 C3@>605B 20H8< 687=8, 74>@>2LN, G5AB8, =0?@8<5@, >B40BL :>H5;5: 8;8 7>;>BK5 C:@0H5=8O, 5A;8 65 5ABL C3@>70 687=8, 74>@>2LN 8 G5AB8 - 2ABC?8BL A =8< 2 1>@L1C 5A;8 =0?040NI89 =5 A?5H8B 459AB2>20BL, <>6=> 7025AB8 15A54C 8 ?>?KB0BLAO ?@81;878BLAO : 2>7<>6=><C 8AB>G=8:C ?><>I8 8;8 ?CB8 : 153AB2C, ;81> 2K640BL 2@5<O (2>7<>6=>, GB> A8BC0F8O 87<5=8BAO A0<0) 8 ?>720BL =0 ?><>IL. A;8 2K @5H8;8 :@8G0BL, B> :@8G8B5 >3;CH8B5;L=>. 5 ?@54C?@56409B5 =0?040NI53> > 20H8E =0<5@5=8OE (1C4C :@8G0BL, 1C4C :CA0BLAO, C40@N 8 B. 4.), 459AB2C9B5 A@07C. 5A;8 A>>B=>H5=85 A8; A?>@=>5 (=0?@8<5@, 3@><8;0 =5 >6840;, GB> E@C?:0O 452CH:0 <0AB5@ A?>@B0 ?> :0@0B5), >F5=8B5 A2>8 A8;K 8 25@>OB=>ABL CA?5E0 8 2ABC?09B5 2 1>@L1C. #A?5E >7=0G05B 2 40==>9 A8BC0F88 @0AG8AB:C A515 ?CB8 : 153AB2C ;81> 153AB2> ?@>B82=8:0. 0?@8<5@, 3@0<>B=> 8A?>;L7>20==K9 307>2K9 10;;>=G8: 405B 20< 20 A5:C=4 2@5<5=8 4;O 153AB20 8;8 ?>8A:0 A@54AB20 4;O 70I8BK. 5 ?@5A;54C9B5 C1530NI53> ?@>B82=8:0. ?>AB0@09B5AL 4065 2 A;CG05 C40G=>3> @07@5H5=8O A8BC0F88 >1@0B8BLAO 2 <8;8F8N 2=570?=0O 03@5AA8O (=0?045=85) 157 2848<>9 ?@8G8=K, :>340 459AB28O =0?040NI53> =542CA<KA;5==> A2845B5;LAB2CNB > =0<5@5=88 ?@8G8=8BL CI5@1 20H5<C 74>@>2LN 8 G5AB8 B@51C5B =5<54;5==KE 459AB289 A 20H59 AB>@>=K. 07C<=55 2A53> 2 MB>< A;CG05 ?>?KB0BLAO >A2>1>48BLAO ;N1>9 F5=>9 (18BL BC40, 345 1>;L=55, :CA0BLAO, ?CAB8BL 2 E>4 307>2K9 10;;>=G8: 8 B.4.), 70B5< ?@54?@8=OBL ?>?KB:C : 153AB2C, 720BL =0 ?><>IL, 8A:0BL A@54AB20 4;O 70I8BK 025@H5=85 03@5A88. ?@8<8@5=85. >?KB:0 A3;048BL ?>A;54AB28O :>=D;8:B0. =0 ?@8<8@5=85 A;54C5B 84B8 B>;L:> A G5;>25:><, :>B>@K9 20< 1;87>: 8 4>@>3, >4=0:> A ?>?@02:>9 =0 AB5?5=L :>=D;8:B0. B =57=0:><F0, :>=D;8:B A :>B>@K< 8AG5@?0=, =5>1E>48<> =5<54;5==> C9B8. 2@5<5==>5 ?@8<8@5=85 A 2848<K< 65;0=85< ?@>4>;68BL :>=D;8:B 2 40;L=59H5< (?@8 4@C38E >1AB>OB5;LAB20E, ?@8 ?5@2>9 65 2AB@5G5 8 B. 4.) 405B 20< 2>7<>6=>ABL C9B8, 2>A?>;L7>202H8AL ?0C7>9. 2K=C645==>5 ?@8<8@5=85 G0I5 2A53> >:07K205BAO 2@5<5==K<. A;8 :>=D;8:B A5@L575=, MB> 405B 20< 2>7<>6=>ABL >B@5038@>20BL =0 =53> B0:8< >1@07><, GB>1K <0:A8<0;L=> >157>?0A8BL A51O.  A;CG05 A5:AC0;L=>9 03@5AA88 A;54C5B ?5@2>=0G0;L=> ?>AB0@0BLAO >F5=8BL A>AB>O=85 =0A8;L=8:0. (7=0A8;>20=85 (;CGH5 8A?>;L7>20BL B5@<8= "=0A8;LAB25==K5 459AB28O A5:AC0;L=>3> E0@0:B5@0") B. 5. ?>;>2>5 A=>H5=85 A ?@8<5=5=85< =0A8;8O 8;8 A C3@>7>9 53> ?@8<5=5=8O : ?>B5@?52H5<C (?>B5@?52H59) 8;8 : 4@C38< ;8F0< ;81> A 8A-?>;L7>20=85< 15A?><>I=>3> A>AB>O=8O ?>B5@?52H53> (?>B5@?52H59) (A<. AB. 131-132 # $)). #A;>2=> ;8F, A>25@H0NI8E 87=0A8;>20=85, <>6=> @0745;8BL =0 425 :0B53>@88: MB> >1KG=K5 =0A8;L=8:8, 3;02=K<8 :0G5AB20<8 :>B>@KE O2;ONBAO C25@5==>ABL, GB> >1J5:B, :>B>@K9 >=8 ?@87=0;8 3>4=K< 4;O A>2>:C?;5=8O, E>G5B B>3> 65, GB> 8 >=8 (A>25@H5=8O ?>;>2>3> 0:B0) 8 >AB05BAO ?0AA82=K< ("E>G5B 8 <>;G8B"), ;81> >:07K205B D8:B82=>5 A>?@>B82;5=85 (";><05BAO 4;O 284C"), 8 ?A8E8G5A:8 =574>@>2K5 ;N48, 87 :>B>@KE =5>1E>48<> 2K45;8BL 3@C??C A5@89=KE =0A8;L=8:>2, 1>;LH8=AB2> 87 :>B>@KE >1=0@C6820NB B5 8;8 8=K5 @0AAB@>9AB20 A5:AC0;L=>3> 2;5G5=8O. 0AA<>B@8< 4;O ?@8<5@0 A;54CNI89 0;3>@8B<. 5@2K9 :>=B0:B A ?>B5=F80;L=K< =0A8;L=8:>< (=0A8;L=8F59). 7=0:><AB2>. 0: ?@028;>, 65@B20<8 87=0A8;>20=8O AB0=>2OBAO A;CG09=K5 7=0:><K5 =0A8;L=8:0. >;LH8=AB2> 87 =8E - =5 ?@8 ?5@2>9 2AB@5G5.  ;N1>< A;CG05, =07K20BL D0<8;8N 8 04@5A 8 >AB02;OBL B5;5D>= =51;03>@07C<=> ?@8 ?5@2>9 - 2B>@>9 2AB@5G5. "0:65 >?@><5BG82> ?@83;0H0BL : A515 4><>9, >A>15==> 5A;8 B0< =8:>3> =5B, 8 A>25@H5==> =54>?CAB8<> ?@8=8<0BL ?@83;0H5=85. 2AB@5G0 A> A;CG09=K< 7=0:><K< =0 25G5@8=:5, =0 ?@>3C;:5 ?@0:B8G5A:8 157>?0A=0, 5A;8 2K =5 >4=8, 4065 5A;8 2K 8 =5 A:;>==K 4>25@OBL MB><C G5;>25:C. '0AB> 7=0:><AB2> ?@>8AE>48B ?> A;CG09=><C AB5G5=8N >1AB>OB5;LAB2. 4=0:>, 4;O 2>7=8:=>25=8O A5@L57=KE (8<5==> 2 B>< A<KA;5, :0: MB> ?>=8<0NB 101CH:8) GC2AB2 8 >B=>H5=89 =5>1E>48<> 2@5<O. =0:><AB20 2 <5B@> 8 02B>1CA5 @54:> ?@82>48B : A5@L57=K< >B=>H5=8O<. > >1KG=> 8 ;8F0, ?@0:B8:CNI85 ?>4>1=K5 7=0:><AB20, A ;53:8< A5@4F5< 2>A?@8=8<0NB 256;82K9, => @5H8B5;L=K9 >B:07. 0?@>B82, 5A;8 2K A048B5AL 2 ;8DB A ?>4>7@8B5;L=K< ;8F><, 8;8, GB> 5I5 EC65, 2 02B><>18;L, 2K ?>425@305B5 A51O @8A:C. 2=570?=0O A5:AC0;L=0O 03@5AA8O :0: ?@028;>, 8AE>48B A> AB>@>=K ?A8E8G5A:8 =574>@>2KE ;8F.  MB>< A;CG05 20H8 459AB28O B0:>2K, :0: 8 ?@8 ;N1>9 2=570?=>9 03@5AA88. !>1AB25==> 87=0A8;>20=85. 0: ?@028;>, A>25@H5=85 =0A8;LAB25==KE A5:AC0;L=KE 459AB289 ?@5420@O5BAO C3@>70<8, A8;>2K< 2>7459AB285<. 565 =0A8;L=8: ?5@5E>48B =5?>A@54AB25==> : 459AB28O< A5:AC0;L=>3> E0@0:B5@0, 8A?>;L7CO A8;C 4;O ?>402;5=8O A>?@>B82;5=8O 65@B2K. 1KG=K9 AB8;L 459AB28O =0A8;L=8:0 ?>4@07C<5205B ?5@2>=0G0;L=>5 ?>402;5=85 A>?@>B82;5=8O, 0 70B5< A>25@H5=85 ?>;>2>3> 0:B0. /@:8< 8A:;NG5=85< O2;ONBAO A048ABK, B.5. ;8F0, AB@040NI85 @0AAB@>9AB2>< ?>;>2>3> 2;5G5=8O, B@51CNI53> 4;O ?>;CG5=8O ?>;>2>3> C4>2;5B2>@5=8O (4>AB865=8O A5:AC0;L=>9 @07@O4:8) ?@8G8=5=8O ?>;>2><C ?0@B=5@C AB@040=8O, 1>;8, 2 B>< G8A;5, 8 2 E>45 A>25@H5=8O ?>;>2>3> 0:B0, ?@8G5< A>?@>B82;5=85 65@B2K 2K7K205B C A048AB0 A5:AC0;L=>5 2>71C645=85. > 2A5 65 1>;LH8=AB2> =0A8;L=8:>2 =5 AB028B =5?>A@54AB25==>9 F5;LN 87185=8O 8;8 70?C3820=8O 65@B2K. A>15==>ABLN A5@89=KE =0A8;L=8:>2 O2;O5BAO AB5@5>B8?=>ABL 459AB289, ?>@>9 AB5@5>B8? <>65B 1KBL >B@01>B0= 4> <5;LG09H8E 45B0;59, ?@8G5< =0@CH5=85 AB5@5>B8?0 :0: ?@028;>, 2545B : ?@5:@0I5=8N A5:AC0;L=KE 459AB289. >=OBL, GB> ?5@54 20<8 A5@89=K9 =0A8;L=8: ?><>30NB A;54CNI85 1@>A0NI85AO 2 3;070 >1AB>OB5;LAB20: >= AB@5<8BAO >B@01>B0BL ?>2545=G5A:89 AB5@5>B8?, 8, :0: ?@028;>, @O4 53> B@51>20=89 72CG8B AB@0==>, >= AB0@05BAO >157;8G8BL 65@B2C, ;81>, 70D8:A8@>20BL ;8HL B5 55 >A>15==>AB8, :>B>@K5 2?8AK20NBAO 2 AB5@5>B8?, =0?0405B, :0: ?@028;>, A7048, >= 2>71C645=, > G5< A2845B5;LAB2CNB 4@>6L, F25B :>68 - >A>15==> 1;54=K9, 70ABK2H89 27>@. !CI5AB2CNB 38?>B57K, A>3;0A=> :>B>@K< >B@01>B:0 AB5@5>B8?=>3> ?>2545=8O >ACI5AB2;O5BAO 2 A>AB>O=88 B@0=A0, B.5. 87<5=5==>< A>AB>O=88 A>7=0=8O. >, =57028A8<> =8 >B :0:8E >1AB>OB5;LAB2, A0<K< CO728<K< <5AB>< =0A8;L=8:0-<C6G8=K O2;ONBAO ?>;>2K5 >@30=K, B.5. O8G:8 8 M@538@>20==K9 ?>;>2>9 G;5=. @8 ?>?KB:5 22545=8O ?>;>2>3> G;5=0 2 @>B A60B85 G5;NAB59 65@B2K ?@82545B =0A8;L=8:0 2 A>AB>O=85 1>;52>3> H>:0. !>?@>B82;5=85 8<55B A<KA; 2 ;N1>< A;CG05.  @0A?>@O65=88 65=I8=K >1KG=> 5ABL @O4 ?@54<5B>2, :>B>@K5 ?@>AB> ?@52@0B8BL 2 MDD5:B82=>5 >@C685. "CD;8, >A>15==> 5A;8 C =8E 2KA>:89 :01;C:, <5H0NB C1530BL, 70B> 1C4CG8 A=OBK, >1;53G0B 8 153AB2>, 8 70I8BC. #40@ :01-;C:><, :@5?OI8<AO : ?@C68=OI59 ?>4>H25, >G5=L 1>;57=5==K9. >=B, >A>15==> 7>=B-B@>ABL, A=0165= <5B0;;8G5A:8< =0:>=5G=8:><. #40@ 8< 2 ;8F> 25AL<0 GC2AB28B5;5=. 5<5H>: 40<A:>9 AC<>G:8 - >B;8G=K9 @KG03, :>B>@K9 C25;8G8B A8;K 70I8I0NI53>AO 8 ?>72>;8B A20;8BL ?@>B82=8:0. CG:0 A?>A>1=0 C3>48BL 2 =>74@8 8 2 3;07. 06830;:0 (8;8 70665==0O A830@5B0) B0:65 ?@8G8=O5B 1>;L. O70;L=0O A?8F0 (AB0;L=0O) A>A;C68B @>;L H?038. 4=0:>, 2A5340 A;54C5B ?><=8BL: 20H0 7040G0 >15A?5G8BL A515 2>7<>6=>ABL 1560BL 8;8 ?>720BL =0 ?><>IL. 0A8;LAB25==K5 459AB28O 2 >B=>H5=85 <C6G8= 2AB@5G0NBAO 7=0G8B5;L=> @565. =8, :0: ?@028;>, @0A?@>AB@0=5=K 2 >3@0=8G5==KE <C6A:8E :>;;5:B820E (0@<8O, BN@L<0) 8 =5ACB A:>@55 =5 A5:AC0;L=K9 E0@0:B5@, => :0: <5@0 2>7459AB28O A F5;LN C=865=8O 8 ?>4G8=5=8O 65@B2K.  =0CG=>9 ;8B5@0BC@5 2AB@5G0NBAO 548=8G=K5 >?8A0=8O =0A8;8O 3><>A5:AC0;8AB>2 =04 35B5@>A5:AC0;0<8, 87 G53> A;54C5B A45;0BL 2K2>4, GB> ?>A5I0BL <5AB0, 345 A?5F80;L=> A>18@0NBAO 3><>A5:AC0;8ABK (:0: <C6A:>3>, B0: 8 65=A:>3> ?>;0) - :;C1K, ?;O68 8 B.4. =5 A;54C5B. )   1:   & ",  !!+% !" )   2: ( ' - ",  ",  ),,    !#' - ))",!/ . & )   3: ! !   ),,  + "  ",, " !" (#, ! +   !% ', !, " ",  ), )   4:  ""!,  &. CB>03@5AA8O. CB>03@5AA8O - MB> 03@5AA8O, =0?@02;5==0O =0 A51O. ! 0CB>03@5AA859 <K 2AB@5G05<AO 8 AB0@05<AO 55 ?@54>B2@0B8BL 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L, :>340 @5GL 845B > ?>?KB:5 A0<>C189AB20. !0<>C189AB2> ?@>B82>5AB5AB25==> 4;O G5;>25:0. !;54>20B5;L=>, ?>B5=F80;L=K9 A0<>C189F0, ?@54?@8=8<0NI89 ?>?KB:C C9B8 87 687=8, 4>;65= 2>A?@8=8<0BLAO :0: G5;>25:, AB@040NI89 (2 40==K9 <><5=B) ?A8E8G5A:8< @0AAB@>9AB2><. 5>1E>48<>, >4=0:>, A45;0BL ?>?@02:C =0 45<>=AB@0B82=>5 ?>2545=85, >4=0:> MB0 ?>?@02:0 ;8HL ?>72>;O5B >F5=8BL 25@>OB=>ABL C40G=>3> AC8F840. 0: ?@028;>, AC8F84 @54:> A>25@H05BAO 2 ?@8ACBAB288 ?>AB>@>==8E. # 20A 5ABL 25@>OB=>ABL >:070BLAO A;CG09=K< A2845B5;5< ?>43>B>2:8 8 >ACI5AB2;5=8O A0<>C189AB20. A;8 2K >:070;8AL =52>;L=K< A2845B5;5< ?>43>B>2:8 : >ACI5AB2;5=8N A0<>C189AB20, 20H 4>;3 - ?>?KB0BLAO 53> ?@54>B2@0B8BL. 0AA<>B@8< 2 :0G5AB25 ?@8<5@0 A;54CNI89 0;3>@8B<: !0<>C189AB2> B@51C5B 4;8B5;L=>9 ?>43>B>2:8. A;8 2K 70AB0;8 ?>B5=F80;L=>3> A0<>C189FC 2 ?@>F5AA5 ?>43>B>2:8 : AC8F84C (=04> ?@82O70BL 25@52:C, ?@83>B>28BL ?5B;N 8 B. 4.) B> >4=> 20H5 2<5H0B5;LAB2>, :0: ?@028;>, ?@54>B2@0I05B 40;L=59H85 459AB28O. 0H0 7040G0 - 2>A?@5?OBAB2>20BL B><C, GB>1K G5;>25:, A<5@BL :>B>@>3> 20< C40;>AL ?@54>B2@0B8BL, >AB0;AO 2=>2L 2 >48=>G5AB25, ?@54>AB02;5==K9 A0<><C A515. ;8B5;L=0O ?>43>B>2:0 : AC8F84C, :0: ?@028;>, A2845B5;LAB2C5B > B><, GB> 03@5AA8O =5 1C45B ?5@5>@85=B8@>20=0 =0 20A. <?C;LA82=>5 A0<>C189AB2>. <?C;LA82=>5 A0<>C189AB2> >B;8G05BAO B5<, GB> 4;O ?>43>B>2:8 53> =5 B@51C5BAO =8:0:8E A@54AB2, ;81> >=8 8<5NBAO 2A5340 ?>4 @C:>9 (=>6, 1@8B20). 04> BI0B5;L=> >F5=8BL 25@>OB=>ABL 8A?>;=5=8O 704C<0==>3> AC8F840, 5A;8 2K =5 <>65B5 2<5H0BLAO A@07C (=0?@8<5@, A0<>C189F0 AB>8B =0 :@0N :@KH8, 0 2K =0E>48B5AL 2=87C), => ?@82;5G5B5 53> 2=8<0=85. A;8 B0:>5 2<5H0B5;LAB2> 2>7<>6=>, >F5=8B5 A2>8 A8;K. !<>65B5 ;8 2K 2>A?@5?OBAB2>20BL ?;0=C 8 871560BL ?5@5>@85=B0F88 03@5AA88 =0 20A? C4LB5 >AB>@>6=K. '0AB> 8<?C;LA82=K5 ?>?KB:8 A0<>C189AB20 (AE20B8BL =>6 8 2>=78BL 53> 2 3@C4L) =5 ?>2B>@ONBAO, 5A;8 2K 2>A?@5?OBAB2C5B5 459AB28O< A0<>C189FK, 2K B5< A0<K< A>E@0=8B5 5<C 687=L. '!   !5<8=0@ 2545B .. >BHB59= (<0@B 1999 3.) @0G-4>:;04G8: ..CI8=0 0B5@80; ?@54>AB02;5= @540:F859 57028A8<>3> A88E80B@8G5A:>3> C@=0;0 0H5<C 2=8<0=8N ?@54AB02;O5BAO 1>;L=0O ..!., 1965 3.@>64., ?>ABC?82H0O =0 ;5G5=85 2  ! 3 17 =>O1@O 1998 3. 8 2K?8A0==0O 19 <0@B0 1999 3. >ABC?8;0 =0 ;5G5=85 2 A0=0B>@=>5 >B45;5=85 A 60;>10<8 =0 B@52>3C, ?>402;5==>5 =0AB@>5=85, 15AA>==8FC, ?>B5@N 0??5B8B0, AC8F840;L=K5 <KA;8, =02O7G82K5 2>A?><8=0=8O >1 CH54H5< <C65, GC2AB2> 2=CB@5==59 B@52>38, ?@8ABC?K ?0=8G5A:>3> C60A0 A A5@4F5185=85<, 70B@C4=5=85< 4KE0=8O. =0<=57. (A> A;>2 1>;L=>9 8 55 <0B5@8). >48;0AL 2 <0@B5 1965 3>40, 548=AB25==K9 @515=>: 2 A5<L5 8=65=5@>2. 5@5<5==>ABL 8 @>4K C <0B5@8 ?@>B5:0;8 =>@<0;L=>, E>BO :>340 1>;L=0O @>48;0AL <0B5@8 1K;> 19 ;5B, 2> 2@5<O 15@5<5==>AB8 CG8;0AL =0 2 :C@A5 -, A4020;0 M:70<5=K, =5@2=8G0;0. 0:@8G0;0 ?>A;5 @>645=8O A@07C. A:0@<;820;0AL 3@C4LN 4> 4-E <5AOG=>3> 2>7@0AB0, @>A;0 8 @072820;0AL =>@<0;L=>. %>48BL =0G0;0 A 11 <5AOF52, ?5@2K5 A;>20 ?@>87=>A8;0 C65 2 3>4, : 3-E ;5B=5<C 2>7@0ABC 3>2>@8;0 ?@54;>65=8O<8, 2=OB=>, G5B:>.  4,5 3>40 C65 G8B0;0 ?@>ABK5 B5:ABK. 7 ?5@5=5A5==KE 701>;520=89: 25B@O=0O >A?0, 4875=B5@8O, :@0A=CE0 2 14 ;5B, >?5@0F8O ?> ?>2>4C .... ?@02>3> O8G=8:0 2 25 ;5B. 0BL ?> E0@0:B5@C 4>2>;L=> 2;0AB=0O, F5;5CAB@5<;5==0O, >?B8<8AB:0, 2 B> 65 2@5<O @0=8<0O, <O3:0O, 4>1@0O.  4>G5@8 >B=>A8;0AL B5?;>, A ;N1>2LN. !> A;>2 1>;L=>9 2?;>BL 4> 55 70<C65AB20 1K;8 A <0<>9 ?>4@C30<8, 2A5 59 @0AA:07K20;0, =0E>48;0 ?>=8<0=85 8 ?>445@6:C. B5F 70<:=CBK9, ?@>1;5<0<8 4>G5@8, 55 2>A?8B0=85< >A>15==> =5 8=B5@5A>20;AO. #2;5:0;AO >E>B>9, @K10;:>9. >@>9 1@0; 4>GL A A>1>9 =0 ?@>3C;:8 2 ;5A, @0AA:07K20; > 682>B=KE, @0AB5=8OE, >BAN40 - :0: AG8B05B 1>;L=0O - 55 ;N1>2L : 48:>9 ?@8@>45.  B> 24@C3 =0G8=0; CG8BL 4>GL @8A>20=8N, => MB> A;CG0;>AL >G5=L @54:>. 8;8 2<5AB5 A @>48B5;O<8 <0B5@8. 01CH:0 1K;0 45A?>B8G=>9, ?>AB>O==> 2A5E ?>CG0;0, G0AB> A:0=40;8;0 A 454><, :>B>@K9 1K; >G5=L <O3:8<, =8:>340 =5 >B25G0; =0 >A:>@1;5=8O, 2A5 45@60; 2 A515. ! @>48B5;O<8 >BF0 =5 >1I0;8AL.  A5<L5 : 1>;L=>9 2A5 >B=>A8;8AL A 1>;LH>9 ;N1>2LN, 2A5 @07@5H0;8, 4065 10;>20;8, ?>>I@O;8 70 :0:CN-=81C4L <5;>GL, E>BO 101CH:0 8 ?> >B=>H5=8N : 2=CG:5 1K;0 >G5=L B@51>20B5;L=>9.  3,5 3>40 452>G:C >B40;8 2 45BA:89 A04, => B0< >=0 2A5 2@5<O ?;0:0;0, =5 E>B5;0 >AB020BLAO 2 3@C??5. '5@57 2 =545;8 701>;5;0 2>A?0;5=85< ;53:8E, 2 A2O78 A G5< 55 701@0;8 87 A040 8 1>;LH5 >=0 BC40 =5 E>48;0. >A?8BK20;0AL 4><0 101CH:>9. -?87>40<8 ?><=8B A51O ?@81;878B5;L=> A ?OB8;5B=53> 2>7@0AB0, >A>15==> O@:>5 2>A?><8=0=85 - 25A5;K5 83@K A 45BL<8 55 2>7@0AB0 ;5B>< =0 40G5 C @>48B5;59.  6 ;5B ?> =0AB>O=8N 101CH:8 =0G0;0 CG8BLAO 83@5 =0 D>@B5?LO=> A ?@8E>4OI59 CG8B5;L=8F59, MB> 1>;L=>9 =5 =@028;>AL, => AB0@0;0AL 87> 2A5E A8;, GB>1K 871560BL 3=520 101CH:8, A048;0AL 70 8=AB@C<5=B A> A;570<8.  2>7@0AB5 7 ;5B @5H8;0AL ?>9B8 =0?5@5:>@ 65;0=8N 101CH:8 8 ?> A;>20< <0B5@8 2?5@2K5  ABC:=CBL :C;0:>< ?> AB>;C - :0B53>@8G5A:8 >B:070;0AL ?@>4>;60BL 70=OB8O <C7K:>9. ! B>3> 2@5<5=8, :0: ?><=8B A51O, 2A5340 A B@C4>< AE>48;0AL A> A25@AB=8:0<8. (C<=K< 83@0< ?@54?>G8B0;0 >48=>G5AB2>, ;N18<K<8 83@CH:0<8 1K;8 <542548  2A5E @07<5@>2 8 D>@< , <=>3> D0=B078@>20;0 =0548=5 A A>1>9, => A>45@60=8O D0=B0789 B5?5@L =5 ?><=8B.  H:>;C ?>H;0 A 7 ;5B, B>340 2 ?5@2>< :;0AA5 2?5@2K5 8A?KB0;0 =5>1JOA=8<K9 AB@0E ?5@54 =58725AB=K< 702B@0. #G8;0AL >G5=L E>@>H>, G0AB> >B;8G=>. >2>@8B, GB> 1K;0 >G5=L AB0@0B5;L=>9, >1O70B5;L=>9, ?>4>;3C 45;0;0 C@>:8, B0: :0: 1>O;0AL ?>A@54AB25==>9 >F5=:>9 =5 C3>48BL 101CH:5, AB@0H8;0AL 55 3=520.  =0G0;L=>9 H:>;5 =>A8;0 >G:8 A B>;ABK<8 AB5:;0<8, B0: :0: AB@040;0 1;87>@C:>ABLN 2KA>:>9 AB5?5=8. 'C2AB2>20;0 A51O >G5=L =5C25@5==>9, 4065 =5?>;=>F5==>9.  :;0AA5 4@07=8;8 >G:0@8:><, <0;LG8:8 45@30;8 55 70 :>AC, >G5=L ?5@56820;0, ?;0:0;0, <5GB0;0 A=OBL >G:8. A5340 1>O;0AL >B25G0BL C 4>A:8, E>BO >B25G0;0 :0: ?@028;> CA?5H=>.  =0G0;L=>9 H:>;5 ?5@2K5 B@8 3>40 C 1>;L=>9 1K;0 >4=0 548=AB25==0O ?>4@C30, A :>B>@>9 >1I0;8AL >G5=L B5A=>, 101CH:8 ?>?5@5<5==> 7018@0;8 452>G5: 4><>9, 2<5AB5 83@0;8, 3>B>28;8 C@>:8. =>3> ?>765 G8B0;0 ?@0:B8G5A:8  2A5 ?>4@O4 . >A;5 B@5BL53> :;0AA0 @>48B5;8 2<5AB5 A 1>;L=>9 ?5@55E0;8 =0 4@C3CN :20@B8@C, AB0;8 68BL >B45;L=> >B 454CH:8 A 101CH:>9. "O65;> ?5@56820;0 @0AAB020=85 A ?>4@C3>9, A> A;570<8. 4-9 :;0AA =0G0;AO 2 =>2>9 H:>;5. AB@5B8;8 4>1@>65;0B5;L=>, =8:B> =5 4@07=8;.  B> 65 2@5<O =5 1K;> =8:0:>9 >A>15==> 1;87:>9 ?>4@C38, :;0AA 1K; 4@C6=K<, >1I0;8AL 2A5 2<5AB5, ?> 2KE>4=K< 2K5760;8 70 3>@>4 =0 ?@8@>4C, >B<5G0;8 2<5AB5 2A5 4=8 @>645=8O. -B> 2@5<O 2A?><8=05B :0: >4=> 87 =081>;55 @04>AB=KE 2 687=8.  5-< :;0AA5, :>340 452>G:5 1K;> 11 ;5B, =0G0;AO @07;04 <564C >BF>< 8 <0B5@LN. # >BF0 ?>O28;0AL 4@C30O 65=I8=0, :@><5 B>3> >= AB0; G0AB5=L:> ?@8E>48BL 4><>9  =025A5;5 . !0< @07;04 452>G:0 =5 ?5@56820;0, 0 1K;> >G5=L 60;L <0<C, :>B>@0O G0AB> ?;0:0;0. >48B5;O >D>@<8;8 @072>4. >340 452>G:5 1K;> 12,5 ;5B 8 1>;L=0O A <0B5@LN 2=>2L ?5@55E0;0 : 101CH:5 A 454CH:>9.  7-9 :;0AA ?>MB><C ?>H;0 2 A2>N ?@56=NN H:>;C.  :;0AA5 GC2AB2>20;0 A2>N =5?>;=>F5==>ABL 87-70 B>3>, GB> B5?5@L >=0 2 =5?>;=>9 A5<L5. !B0;0 >1I0BLAO 5I5 A B@5<O 452>G:0<8. # :>B>@KE B>65 =5 1K;> >BF>2. E A2O7K20;> :0: MB>, B0: 8 >1I85 8=B5@5AK. ! 13 ;5B C2;5:0;0AL 2<5AB5 A> A2>8<8 ?>4@C30<8 :>;;5:F8>=8@>20=85< 7=0G:>2, <0@>:, A>18@0;0 6C@=0;L=K5 2K@57:8 87 AB0B59 >1 8725AB=KE 0:B5@0E. 0G0;0 ?8A0BL AB8E8, A 55 A;>2 2 B> 2@5<O AB0;0 A<>B@5BL =0 <8@ A;>2=> G5@57 @>7>2K5 >G:8, ?>O28;AO @><0=B87<. <5AB5 A >4=>9 87 ?>4@C3 A>G8=O;8 HCB>G=K9 @><0= =0 >A=>25  "@5E <CH:5B5@>2 N<0. @81;878B5;L=> 2 B> 65 13-;5=5< 2>7@0AB5 ?0@0;;5;L=> A @><0=B87<>< ?@>O28;8AL :>;510=8O =0AB@>5=8O A> A;570<8, ?>402;5==>ABLN, <@0G=K< 2845=85< <8@0. '0A0<8 <>3;0 =8 A :5< =5 @073>20@820BL, ?@>A8;0, GB>1K 55 =5 B@>30;8. >7=8:0;8 >?8A0==K5 @0AAB@>9AB20 ?>@>9 87-70 :0:>9-=81C4L <5;>G8, > :>B>@>9 B5?5@L 4065 =5 <>65B 2A?><=8BL, 8=>340 65 2>2A5 15A?@8G8==>, ?@>E>48;8 15AA;54=>. 5=AB@C0F88 A 15 ;5B. BG5B;82> ?><=8B, :0: MB> ?@>87>H;> 2?5@2K5. B4KE0;8 A <0B5@LN =0 02:075, =>GLN =0G0;0AL A8;L=0O 3@>70, 4>64L, <>;=88, 24@C3 A8;L=> 701>;5; 682>B, C2845;0 :@>2L, >G5=L 8A?C30;0AL. >A;5 B>3>, :0: <0<0 2A5 >1JOA=8;0, 1KAB@> CA?>:>8;0AL. ?>A;54AB288 2A5340 BO65;> ?5@5=>A8;0 4=8 ?5@54 =0ABC?;5=85< <5AOG=KE, 640;0 1>;8, 1>O;0AL 55, AB>=0;0, @K40;0, ?@>E>48;8 >=8 A 1>;LN. 0<0 >B25;0 452CH:C : 38=5:>;>3C, :>B>@0O >1JOA=8;0, GB> C =55 2 >@30=87<5 <C6A:8E 3>@<>=>2 1>;LH5 G5< 2 =>@<5 8 <5=AB@C0F88 4> =0G0;0 ?>;>2>9 687=8, 15@5<5==>AB8 8 @>4>2 2A5340 1C4CB ?@>B5:0BL ?>4>1=K< >1@07><.  A5<LN 2 B> 2@5<O 1K;8 G0ABK5 A:0=40;K <564C 101CH:>9 8 454CH:>9, C 101CH:8 2A5340 ?@8 MB>< AB0=>28;>AL  ?;>E> A A5@4F5< , 2K7K20;8 A:>@CN. >;L=0O 2A5 MB> ?5@56820;0, 55 @074@060;> ?>2545=85 101CH:8, =0@0AB0; 2=CB@5==89 ?@>B5AB ?@>B82 =55.  :>=F5 10-3> :;0AA0, 2 17-;5B=5< 2>7@0AB5 8A?KBK20;0 A8;L=K9 AB@0E ?5@54 M:70<5=0<8, >1>AB@8;>AL GC2AB2> =5C25@5==>AB8 2 A515, B@52>6=> A><=520;0AL ?> ?>2>4C A2>8E 7=0=89, >G5=L BI0B5;L=> 3>B>28;0AL. -:70<5=K A40;0 CA?5H=>. (:>;C 70:>=G8;0 A >B;8G=K< 0BB5AB0B><, 1K;0 B>;L:> >4=0 G5B25@:0 ?> @CAA:><C O7K:C. !@07C 65 ?>A;5 H:>;K, 2 17 ;5B ?>ABC?8;0 2 >A:>2A:89 M=5@35B8G5A:89 8=AB8BCB. 0 2B>@>< :C@A5.  18 ;5B 1K;0 ?@>872545=0 >?5@0F8O :5@0B><88 2 8=-B5 $54>@>20, A=O;0 >G:8, >B@570;0 :>AC, <>4=> ?>AB@83;0AL, AB0;0 GC2AB2>20BL A51O 1>;55 C25@5==>, 1>;55 682> >1I0BLAO A A>:C@A=8:0<8.  8=AB8BCBA:85 3>4K >B<5G0;AO ?>4J5< =0AB@>5=8O 8 >1I59 0:B82=>AB8, C2;5:0;0AL 10@4>2A:>9 ?5A=59, E>48;0 A >4=>:C@A=8:0<8 2 ?>E>4K, AB0;0 70<5G0BL, GB> <>;>4K5 ;N48 >1@0I0NB =0 =55 2=8<0=85, 1K;> 4065 =5A:>;L:> =5 >G5=L A5@L57=KE @><0=>2 157 8=B8<=>9 1;87>AB8, ?5@56820=89 ?> MB><C ?>2>4C =5 1K;>. @>4>;60;0 CA?5H=> CG8BLAO, 1@0;0 CA84G82>ABLN, >1O70B5;L=>ABLN, 2A5 B0:65 8A?KBK20;0 AB@0E ?5@54 M:70<5=0<8, B@52>6=K5 A><=5=8O ?> ?>2>4C A2>8E 7=0=89.  1988 3., 2 2>7@0AB5 23 ;5B CA?5H=> 70:>=G8;0 8=AB8BCB, ?>;CG82 A?5F80;L=>ABL 8=65=5@0-M;5:B@8:0 8=D>@<0F8>==>-87<5@8B5;L=KE ?@81>@>2, CAB@>8;0AL @01>B0BL ?> A?5F80;L=>AB8 =0 ?@81>@>AB@>8B5;L=K9 702>4. @>4>;60;0 E>48BL 2 ?>E>4K 8 2 >4=>< 87 =8E ?>7=0:><8;0AL A> A2>8< 1C4CI8< <C65<, : :>B>@><C A@07C 65 AB0;0 8A?KBK20BL A8;L=CN ;N1>2L, 8 >4=>2@5<5==> 2?0;0 2 7028A8<>ABL >B MB>3> G5;>25:0. B=>H5=8O @072820;8AL 8 2A:>@5 AB0;0 68BL A =8< 2 3@0640=A:>< 1@0:5 2 :20@B8@5 2<5AB5 A <0B5@LN 8 55 @>48B5;O<8.  O=20@5 1989 3. 70@538AB@8@>20;8 >D8F80;L=K9 1@0:, 2 <0@B5, :>340 1>;L=>9 8A?>;=8;>AL 24 3., 7015@5<5=5;0. 5@5<5==>ABL ?@>B5:0;0 157 >A;>6=5=89, B>;L:> 2 ?5@2K5 2 <5AOF0 1K;8 >1<>@>:8. B=>H5=8O A <C65< 2> 2@5<O 15@5<5==>AB8 A:;04K20;8AL A;>6=>, >= @01>B0; 8=65=5@>< =0 702>45, C2;5:0;AO BC@87<><, 0;L?8=87<><, CE>48; 2 3>@K, >AB02;OO 65=C.  MB> 2@5<O =0AB@>5=85 1K;> ?>402;5==K<, E>B5;>AL ;0A:8, M<>F8>=0;L=>3> B5?;0, 0 <C6 70G0ABCN ?@>AB> =5 E>B5; ?@8:0A0BLAO : 1>;L=>9. A?KBK20;0 GC2AB2> >184K, >48=>G5AB20, ?>:8=CB>AB8.  45:01@5 1989 3. @>48;0 4>GL. >4K 1K;8 AB@5<8B5;L=K<8, => 157 >A;>6=5=89, ?5@5=5A;0 8E ;53:>. 04>ABL >B @>645=8O 4>G5@8 8A?KBK20;0 A:>@55 ?>B><C, GB>  C3>48;0 <C6C , @>482 @515=:0. 0B5@8=A:8E GC2AB2, =56=>AB8 ?> >B=>H5=8N : 452>G:5 =5 1K;>, A:>@55 @02=>4CH85 (A> A;>2 A0<>9 1>;L=>9). '5@57 =545;N ?>A;5 2K?8A:8 87 @>44><0 2=570?=> >B:@K;>AL <0B>G=>5 :@>2>B5G5=85, C257;8 2 1>;L=8FC, A45;0;8  abrasio , >:070;>AL, GB> =5?>;=>ABLN >B45;8;0AL ?;0F5=B0. @>;560;0 2 1>;L=8F5 >:>;> 2-E =545;L, 87-70 G53> ?@8H;>AL >B:070BLAO >B :>@<;5=8O @515=:0 3@C4LN. '5@57 2 <5AOF0 ?>A;5 MB>3> 70<5B8;0, GB> =5B <5AOG=KE, >1@0B8;0AL : 7=0:><><C 38=5:>;>3C, :>B>@K9 =0?@028; 55 : >=:>;>3C 82 <05 1990 3. 1K;0 ?@>>?5@8@>20=0 2 >=:>;>38G5A:>< F5=B@5 ?> ?>2>4C B5:><K ?@02>3> O8G=8:0. @0G8 AG8B0;8, GB> C 1>;L=>9 7;>:0G5AB25==0O >?CE>;L, ?>A;5 >?5@0F88 1K;0 4065 >AB02;5=0 4@5=06=0O B@C1:0 4;O ?@>2545=8O 2>7<>6=> =5>1E>48<>9 E8<8>B5@0?88.  MB>B ?5@8>4 8A?KBK20;0 AB@0E A<5@B8, =0AB@>5=85 1K;> ?>402;5==K<, <=>3> ?;0:0;0. '5@57 12 4=59 ?>A;5 >?5@0F88 @57C;LB0BK 38AB>;>38G5A:>3> 8AA;54>20=8O ?>:070;8 4>1@>:0G5AB25==>ABL >?5@8@>20==>9 >?CE>;8.  8N=5 1990 3. 1K;0 2K?8A0=0 4><>9. 5@2K5 8-9 <5AOF52 ?>A;5 @>645=8O @515=>: ?>AB>O==> ?;0:0; ?> =>G0<, 452>G:0 1K;0 15A?>:>9=>9. G5=L CAB020;0, 8A?KBK20;0 @074@065=85 ?> >B=>H5=8N : 4>G5@8. ><0 G0ABK<8 AB0;8 A:0=40;K <564C <C65< 1>;L=>9 8 55 <0B5@LN 8 101CH:>9, B0: :0: <=5=85 ?> ?>2>4C <5B>4>2 2>A?8B0=8O @515=:0 :0@48=0;L=> @0AE>48;8AL. >;L=0O 2A5 MB> >G5=L BO65;> ?5@56820;0. >>1I5 A 55 A;>2 A A0<>3> <><5=B0 @>645=8O 4>G:8 2 4><5 ?>A5;8;>AL 15A?>:>9AB2>, ?>AB>O==> B@52>6=> A><=520;0AL ?> ;N1><C ?>2>4C, =5 <>3;0 @07;>68BL <KA;8 ?> ?>;>G:0<.  !;>2>  ?>:>9 1K;> G5<-B> 65;0==K<, => =54>AB868<K< . 0@O4C A MB8< 2A5 2@5<O 1K;0 ?>402;5=0, ?@8G5< ?> CB@0< MB> GC2AB2> 1K;> A8;L=K<, 1>;55 >D>@<;5==K<. A5, GB> ?@>8AE>48B, :070;>AL <@0G=K<, BO65;K<, GC2AB2>20;0 A2>N =8:G5<=>ABL, 15A?><>I=>ABL. >G:0 2A5 2@5<O 1>;5;0,  :>=G0;0AL :8H5G=0O 48ADC=:F8O, =0G8=0;0AL ?@>ABC40 8 MB> 1K;> 15A:>=5G=K<. >340 @515=:C 8A?>;=8;AO 3>4, 1>;L=0O A <C65< 8 4>G5@LN ?5@55E0;8 2 >B45;L=CN :20@B8@C 2 0@L8=> (=0G0;> 1991 3., 1>;L=>9 26 ;5B), 345 =0 =55 A@07C 65 =020;8;>AL <=>65AB2> 4><0H=8E 701>B, : :>B>@K< =5 A>2A5< 1K;0 ?>43>B>2;5=0.  B><C 65 <C6 CAB@>8;AO =0 @01>BC 2 :><<5@G5A:CN >@30=870F8N 8 1K; 2K=C645= ?>74=> 2>72@0I0BLAO 4><>9, 2 A8;C G53> =5 <>3 ?><>30BL 59 ?> E>7O9AB2C. > A;>20< ?0F85=B:8, >= 1K; G5@AB2 8 1574CH5=, =5 4020; 59 B5?;0, =5 GC2AB2>20;0 53> ?>445@6:8. 0AB@>5=85 ?@>4>;60;> >AB020BLAO ?>402;5==K<, :@><5 B>3> ?@8A>548=8;0AL :0:0O-B> =5OA=0O, 15A?@8G8==0O 1;C640NI0O B@52>30 157 2AO:>3> A>45@60=8O. -B8 @0AAB@>9AB20 1K;8 ?@0:B8G5A:8 ?>AB>O==K<8, =8:0:85 ?>;>68B5;L=K5 A>1KB8O =5 2;8O;8 =0 A>AB>O=85 1>;L=>9 8;8 >1;53G0;8 53> =0 >G5=L =5?@>4>;68B5;L=>5 2@5<O. 5B>< 1992 3. (1>;L=>9 27 ;5B) >B4KE0;8 A <C65< 8 4>G:>9 =0 40G5, 345 ?>A;5 >G5@54=>3> BO65;>3> @073>2>@0 A <C65<, :>340 >=0 ?KB0;0AL >1JOA=8BL, GB> 7=0G8B 1KBL 2<5AB5, 8A?KB0;0 >AB@K9 ?@8ABC? >BG0O=8O. C6 3>2>@8;:  ;O <5=O =5 206=> BK 8;8 4@C30O, ;8HL 1K <5=O 2AB@5G0;8 4><0 A C;K1:>9 . K;> GC2AB2>  =5 2AB0=C, =5 2K=5AC, =5 2K45@6C 2A53> MB>3>, ?>O28;0AL B>A:0 A BO65ABLN 2 3@C48, 70E>B5;>AL C9B8 87 687=8. #H;0 =>GLN 87 4><0, ?@81;878;0AL : 65;57=>9 4>@>35 A =0<5@5=85< 1@>A8BLAO ?>4 ?>574, => O@:85 65;BK5 >3=8 ?@81;860NI53>AO A>AB020 8A?C30;8 1>;L=CN, =5 A<>3;0 A>25@H8BL 704C<0==>5. >;3> 1@>48;0 2 B5<=>B5 ?>4 4>645<, ?>4 CB@> @5H8;0 25@=CBLAO 4><>9, <C6 640; 1>;L=CN C :0;8B:8, AB>O ?>4 7>=B><. !A>@0 70:>=G8;0AL :>5-:0: ?@8<8@5=85<. 8<>9 1993 3. (1>;L=>9 28 ;5B) ?>A;5 >G5@54=>3> 1@>=E8B0 2@0G8 2KAB028;8 4>G5@8  1@>=E80;L=CN 0AB<C ?>A>25B>20;8 1>;L=>9 ?><5=OBL :20@B8@C 87 0@L8=> 2 1>;55 M:>;>38G5A:8 G8ABK9 @09>=, =0G0;AO ?@>F5AA >1<5=0.  B> 65 A0<>5 2@5<O 1>;55B <0BL, ;568B 2 1>;L=8F5 A ?>4>7@5=85< =0 >=:>;>38G5A:>5 701>;520=85. 5A<>B@O =0 B>, GB> >B=>H5=8O A <0B5@LN 2 MB>B ?5@8>4 C65 AB0;8 ?@>E;04=K<8, BO65;> ?5@568205B 55 1>;57=L. %>B5;>AL >:070BL <0B5@8 E>BL :0:CN-B> ?><>IL. > =5 <>3;0, B0: :0: 1K;0 ?@82O70=0 : 1>;L=><C @515=:C 8 4><0H=5<C E>7O9AB2C. !>AB>O=85 1>;L=>9 5I5 @07 CEC4H8;>AL, ?@>?0; 0??5B8B, =0@CH8;AO A>=, G0AB> ?>AK?0;0AL ?> =>G0< >B <0;59H53> H>@>E0, ?>O28;>AL @074@068B5;L=>ABL. A>15==> @074@060; @515=>:, 70 :>B>@K< 1K;0 2K=C645=0 CE06820BL. @><5 B>3> ?>O28;AO :0:>9-B> AB@0E ?5@54 2=5H=8< <8@><, 1>O;0AL 2KE>48BL =0 C;8FC, 2 <03078= 70 ?>:C?:0<8, >1>AB@8;>AL GC2AB2> A>1AB25==>9 =5?>;=>F5==>AB8, CI5@1=>AB8, =5A>AB>OB5;L=>AB8. 5A=>9 1993 3. >1@0B8;0AL 70 ?><>ILN : 7=0:><><C ?A8E80B@C 2 G0AB=>< ?>@O4:5. @0A ?>A>25B>20; ?@8=8<0BL =>75?0< ?> ? B01;5B:5 CB@>< 8 2 >154 8 0,5 <3 D5=>75?0<0 =0 =>GL. > A8AB5<0B8G5A:8 ;5:0@AB20 =5 ?@8=8<0;0, B>;L:> :>340 1K;> A>2A5< BO65;>, AB0@0;0AL A?@028BLAO 157 B01;5B>:. >A;5 >:>=G0=8O 45:@5B=>3> >B?CA:0 2 B> 65 A0<>5 2@5<O =0 @01>BC =5 2KH;0, C2>;8;0AL, B0: :0: =5 <>3;0 A>2<5I0BL @01>BC A 4><0H=8<8 45;0<8.  =0G0;5 1994 3. ?><5=O;8 :20@B8@C 2 @-= 5G=>3> 2>:70;0, A>AB>O;AO ?5@5574. C6 >?OBL A>1@0;AO 2 ?>E>4 2 3>@K, => ?>A;5 C3>2>@>2 8 A;57 2A5 65 @5H8; >AB0BLAO, B5< =5 <5=55 A>AB>O=85 1>;L=>9 >B MB>3> =5 C;CGH8;>AL. A:0;0 @01>BC ?> >1JO2;5=8O< 2 =045645 =09B8 2KA>:>>?;0G8205<>5 <5AB>, => 157CA?5H=>, A8;K 5I5 1K;8. ;O B>3>, GB>1K :0:-B> A?@02;OBLAO A> A2>8< 4CH52=K< =51;03>?>;CG85<, ?>4028BL AB@0E, B@52>3C, >BG0O=85 AB0;0 ?@8=8<0BL 1>;LH85 4>7K B@0=:28;870B>@>2, 8=>340 4> 6-8 B 70 >48= ?@85<. -B> ?@8=>A8;> :@0B:>2@5<5==>5 >1;53G5=85, 2 B> 65 2@5<O 2>7=8:;8 :0:85-B> =5OA=K5 1>;8 2 A?8=5, 3>;>25, 682>B5, A2O7K20;0 8E A> A2>8< 4CH52=K< @07;04><, 8?>E>=4@8G5A:8E >?0A5=89 =5 8A?KBK20;0. 5A=>9 8 ;5B>< 1994 3. 4 @070 ?@8=8<0;0 A AC8F840;L=>9 F5;LN 4> 20-B8 B01;5B>: D5=>75?0<0. > ?> A;>20< A0<>9 1>;L=>9, B>340 MB8 ?>?KB:8 =>A8;8 A:>@55 45<>=AB@0B82=K9 E0@0:B5@, F5;LN 8E 1K;> ?@82;5GL : A515 2=8<0=85 <C60, 45;0;0 MB> 2 53> ?@8ACBAB288, >AB02;OO ?@>I0;L=K5 70?8A:8. B=>H5=8O >B MB>3> ;CGH5 =5 AB0=>28;8AL. A5 MB> 2@5<O =8 A :5<, :@><5 <C60, 4>G5@8 8 <0B5@8 =5 >1I0;0AL 8 =5 8A?KBK20;0 B0:>9 ?>B@51=>AB8.  O=20@5 1995 3. (1>;L=>9 >:>;> 30 ;5B) ?> =0AB>O=8N <C60 8 <0B5@8 1K;0 :>=AC;LB8@>20=0 :0:8<-B> A?5F80;8AB>2 =0 4><C, :>B>@K9 =07=0G8; 1>;L=>9 20;5@LO=C 8 >1B8@0=8O A2OB>9 2>4>9, ?>;>68B5;L=>3> @57C;LB0B0 MB8 <5@>?@8OB8O =5 ?@8=5A;8.  D52@0;5 A=>20 :>=AC;LB8@>20=0 G0AB=K< ?A8E80B@><, 1K; =07=0G5= B075?0< 8 40= A>25B >1@0B8BLAO 2 :>=AC;LB0B82=K9 :018=5B  A5<LO 8 1@0: , => <C6 >B MB>3> >B:070;AO.  <0@B5 MB>3> 65 3>40 >1@0B8;0AL 70 ?><>ILN 2  ?> <5ABC 68B5;LAB20, B0< 2?5@2K5 1K; 2KAB02;5= ?@5420@8B5;L=K9 4803=>7: <4?, 45?@5AA82=0O D070. 07=0G5=> ;5G5=85 070D5=><, A>=0?0:A><, =>>B@>?8;><, @5;0=8C<><. 5:0@AB25==K5 ?@5?0@0BK ?@8=8<0;0 @53C;O@=>. 0 D>=5 ;5G5=8O C<5=LH8;0AL @074@068B5;L=>ABL, >A;01;8 3>;>2=K5 1>;8, 1>;8 2 A?8=5, 682>B5, =>@<0;87>20;AO 0??5B8B, A>=, => 8<5;8 <5AB> ?>1>G=5 O2;5=8O 2 2845 >B5:0 =>A>3;>B:8, >4KH:8, A5@4F5185=8O, D878G5A:>9 A;01>AB8, 70<54;5==KE @50:F89.  0?@5;5, =5A<>B@O =0 ?@>2>48<CN B5@0?8N 2=>2L CA8;8205BAO B@52>30, =0AB@>5=85 AB0=>28BAO 1>;55 ?>402;5==K<. > A;>20< 1>;L=>9  B@52>30 :0: 1K =0:@K20;0 <5=O A 3>;>2>9 , 2 B0:85 <><5=BK <>3;0 B>;L:> ;560BL, >B25@=C2H8AL : AB5=5. K; =07=0G5= 0<8B@8?B8;8= 100 <3 2 ACB:8. "@52>30 8 ?>402;5==>ABL =5A:>;L:> C<5=LH8;8AL, => CA8;8;0AL A;01>ABL, 2>7=8:;0 1KAB@0O CB><;O5<>ABL. !=878;0AL ?0<OBL =0 B5:CI85 A>1KB8O, :>=F5=B@0F8O 2=8<0=8O, =52>7<>6=> 1K;> =8 =0 G5< A>A@54>B>G8BLAO. C6 8 @>4AB25==8:8 =5 ?>=8<0;8 55 A>AB>O=8O, A>25B>20;8 59  27OBL A51O 2 @C:8 , ?KB0;8AL >1JOA=8BL, GB> =8G53> ?;>E>3> 2 55 687=8 =5 ?@>8AE>48B 8 ?@8G8= 4;O B0:>3> A>AB>O=8O =5B, 0 MB> 55 1;06L.  :>=F5 1995 3. 4;O A=OB8O 1>;57=5==KE A8<?B><>2 ?>?@>1>20;0 ?@8=8<0BL 0;:>3>;L, ?@81;878B5;L=> 50 3 2>4:8 70 >154><. 0 D>=5 459AB28O 0;:>3>;O A>AB>O=85 7=0G8B5;L=> C;CGH0;>AL. >O28;AO 2=CB@5==89 >?B8<87<, C25@5==>ABL 2 A515, M=5@38G=>ABL, 2>7=8:0;> GC2AB2>, GB> <>65B  A25@=CBL 3>@C . ;:>3>;L AB0;0 C?>B@51;OBL ?@8:B8G5A:8 5654=52=> 2 B5E 65 =51>;LH8E 4>70E. >A;5 B>3>, :0: 459AB285 0;:>3>;O ?@5:@0I0;>AL, 2=>2L 2>72@0I0;0AL B@52>30, ?>402;5==>ABL, AB@0E, =5C25@5==>ABL, 5I5 1>;55 CA8;820;>AL GC2AB2> A>1AB25==>9 =8:G5<=>AB8, =5?>;=>F5==>AB8.  O=20@5 1996 3. (1>;L=>9 31 3>4) =0G0;0 ;5G5=85 C ?A8E>0=0;8B8:0. > A;>20< 1>;L=>9 ;5G5=85 70:;NG0;>AL 2 B><, GB> >=0 @0AA:07K20;0 2A5 > A515, =0G8=0O A 45BAB20, > A2>8E >B=>H5=8OE A >:@C60NI8<8, 0 ?A8E>0=0B;8B8: ;8HL B>;L:> =0?@02;O;0 55 @0AA:07 B> 2 >4=>, B> 2 4@C3>5 @CA;>. 0=OB8O 1K;8 >G5=L 1>;57=5==K<8 4;O ?0F85=B:8, B0: :0: =8:0:>9 M<>F8>=0;L=>9 ?>445@6:8 >=0 =5 ?>;CG0;0. > 2@5<O >4=>9 87 A5AA89 ?A8E>0=0;8B8: A:070;0, GB> =5 A>18@05BAO A>GC2AB2>20BL 1>;L=>9, B0: :0: >=0 A0<0 8 B>;L:> A0<0 4>;6=0 @07>1@0BLAO 2 ?@8G8=0E A2>8E @0AAB@>9AB2, 0 :@><5 B>3>, >=0 =5 <>65B A>GC2AB2>20BL :064><C ?0F85=BC, B0: :0: C =55 =5 E20B8B =0 MB> A8; 8 5ABL A2>O ;8G=0O 687=L. >A;5 :064>3> 70=OB8O GC2AB2>20;0 A51O 5I5 1>;55 ?>402;5==>9, =8 =0 GB> =5 3>4=>9, =5?>;=>F5==>9.  >?0=85 2 A515 ?@8G8=O;> 59 =52>7<>6=CN 4CH52=CN 1>;L. ! ?A8E>0=0;8B8:>< =0E>48;0AL 2 ?>AB>O==>< 0=B03>=87<5. "5< =5 <5=55, A?5F80;8AB AG8B0;, GB> =5>1E>48<> ?@>4>;60BL ;5G5=85, 8 >=0, ?5@5A8;820O A51O, 565=545;L=> E>48;0 =0 70=OB8O. 0@0;;5;L=> A ?A8E>0=0;8B8G5A:8< ;5G5=85< 1K;0 87<5=5=0 ;5:0@AB25==0O B5@0?8O, =07=0G5= 0=0D@0=8;, B5@0;5=. > MB> 2K720;> CEC4H5=85 0??5B8B0, ?0<OB8, ?>O28;8AL :@0?82=8G=K5 2KAK?0=8O. 0==>5 ;5G5=85 >B<5=8;8, 2=>2L AB0;0 ?@8=8<0BL 0<8B@8?B8;8=.  B>B 65 ?5@8>4, B>G=> =5 ?><=8B, =0 D>=5 87<5=5=8O ;5:0@AB25==>9 B5@0?88 ?>O28;8AL ?@8ABC?K ?0=8G5A:>3> C60A0 , A>?@>2>6402H85AO 2=CB@5==59 4@>6LN 8 A=8<0;8AL B>;L:> 1>;LH8<8 4>70<8 B@0=:28;870B>@>2 2:C?5 A 0;:>3>;5<. '5@57 ?>;3>40 2A5 65 ?@5:@0B8;0 ?A8E>0=0;8B8G5A:>5 ;5G5=85, ?>@20;0 >B=>H5=8O A> A?5F80;8AB><. !>7@5;> B25@4>5 65;0=85 C9B8 87 687=8, C65 =0AB>OI55, =5?@5>4>;8<>5. K?8;0 1>;LHCN 4>7C ?A8E>B@>?=KE ?@5?0@0B>2, :0:8E, 2A?><=8BL =5 <>65B. > 2 1>;L=8FC A:>@0O ?><>IL 55 =55 >B257;0, ?@>AB> ?@><K;8 65;C4>: 8 >=0 ;5460;0 4><0 2 B5G5=85 B@5E 4=59 =5 2 A8;0E 42830BLAO, 3>2>@8BL. C6 1>;L=>9 =8:0: =0 MB> =5 @5038@>20;.  8N=5 1996 3. (1>;L=>9 31 3>4) ?@>H;0 A5AA8N B5@0?88 ?> <5B>4C !B0=8A;020 @>DD0. !>AB>OICN 87 4-E A50=A>2.  E>BO 59 =5 C40;>AL 70=>2> ?5@568BL A2>5 @>645=85, >B<5G0;0, GB> ?>A;5 MB>9 A5A88 A>AB>O=85 @57:> C;CGH8;>AL. >GC2AB2>20;0 A51O A8;L=>9, M=5@38G=>9, E>B5;>AL 68BL, 2A5 @04>20;>, => C;CGH5=85 1K;> >G5=L :@0B:>2@5<5==K<, 2A53> =5A:>;L:> 4=59.  MB8 4=8 >=0 =5 C?>B@51;O;0 0;:>3>;L, B0: :0:  MB> 1K;> ?@>AB> =5 =C6=> .  A5@548=5 8N;O 1996 3. @57:> A0<>AB>OB5;L=> ?@5:@0B8;0 ?@85< 0<8B@8?B8;8=0 8 C5E0;0 A 4>G5@LN >B4KE0BL =0 N3. "0< GC2AB2>20;0 A51O >G5=L E>@>H>, ?>;CG0;0 C4>2>;LAB285 >B >1I5=8O A ;N4L<8, @04>20;0AL A>;=FC, <>@N, ?>O28;0AL C25@5==>ABL 2 A515. > 2@5<5=0<8 2A5 65 2>7=8:0;8 A>AB>=8O ?>2KH5==>9 D878G5A:>9 A;01>AB8, :>340 B@C4=> 1K;> 84B8, 2A5 20;8;>AL 87 @C:, BO65ABL 2 3>;>25. "0:>5 A>AB>O=85 1KAB@> ?@>E>48;>. 5G5@>< 2> 2@5<O >B4KE0 =0 N35 @53C;O@=> C?>B@51;O;0 2-3 AB0:0=0 ACE>3> 28=>3@04=>3> 28=0, CB@>< GC2AB2>20;0 A51O ...... 5@=C;0AL 2 >A:2C 2 :>=F5 023CAB0 8 ?>AB5?5==> ?> A;>20< 1>;L=>9 2A5 AB0;> 2>72@0I0BLAO  =0 :@C38 A2>O .  A5=BO1@5 C65 1K;0 ?>AB>O==0O =5?@5E>4OI0O B@52>30, : B><C 65 ?@8A>548=8;0AL :0:0O-B> 0?0B8O, @02=>4CH85 :> 2A5<C , 157@07;8G85.  =>O1@5 1996 3. B09:>< >B @>4=KE C5E0;0 =0 40GC =>GLN 2 A>AB>O=88 A8;L=59H59 B@52>38 8 ?>402;5==>AB8 8 B0< 2K?8;0 :0:>5-B> :>;8G5AB2> B01;5B>: (?> A;>20< 1>;L=>9 2A5, GB> 1K;8) 2<5AB5 A 0;:>3>;5<, >:>;> 300 3 2>4:8. !CB:8 1K;0 157 A>7=0=8O. G=C;0AL =0 ?>;C, 2A?><=8;0, GB> >AB028;0 >4=C 70:@KB>9 =0 :;NG 4>GL 8, :0G0OAL >B A;01>AB8, 25@=C;0AL 4><>9, 345 55 C65 640;0 2AB@52>65==0O <0BL. >A;5 MB>3> A?0;0 5I5 >:>;> 42CE ACB>:. ! MB>3> 2@5<5=8 A>AB>O=85 5I5 1>;55 CEC4H05BAO, =5A<>B@O =0 ;5G5=85 ?A8E>B@>?=K<8 ?@5?0@0B0<8. @0:B8G5A:8 5654=52=> 157 2=5H=8E ?@8G8= 2>7=8:0;8 A>AB>O=8O A8;L=59H59 ?0=8:8, A A5@4F5185=85<, >4KH:>9, C60A0, B>A:8 A 1>;LN 2 3@C48. 'B>1K A=OBL 8E, 2K?820;0 250-300 3 2>4:8.  A>AB>O=88 >?LO=5=8O BO=C;> C9B8 87 4><0, =5 E>B5;>AL 2845BL <C60, 4>GL, E>B5;>AL >1> 2A5< 701KBL. 5@8>4 >B >2>3> 3>40 4> <0@B0 1997 3. AG8B05B A0<K< C60A=K<. @>87>H;> ?>;=>5 >BGC645=85 <564C 1>;L=>9 8 <C65<, 4CH52=>5 A>AB>O=85 70AB02;O;> 55 5654=52=> ?8BL 2>4:C 2 B5E 65 :>;8G5AB20E. # <C60 2 MB> 2@5<O ?>O28;0AL 4@C30O 65=I8=0 8 >= 17 <0@B0 CE>48B. '5@57 =5:>B>@>5 2@5<O >D>@<;O5BAO >D8F80;L=K9 @072>4. >A;5 53> CE>40 ?>GC2AB2>20;0 ?>;=CN ?CAB>BC 8 15AA<KA;5==>ABL A2>53> ACI5AB2>20=8O, A AC8F840;L=>9 F5;LN 2K?8;0 C?0:>2:C 0<8B@8?B8;8=0 8 @5;0=8C<0, 2 A>AB>O=88 :;8=8G5A:>9 A<5@B8 1K;0 4>AB02;5=0 2 8=AB8BCB !:;8D0A>DA:>3>, 345 ?@>25;0 3 4=O 2 @50=8<0F88 8 4 4=O 2 >B45;5=88. 0B5< 1K;0 2K?8A0=0 4><>9. 5@2K< GC2BA2><, ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: 25@=C;>AL A>7=0=85, 1K;> @07>G0@>20=85, 0 ?5@2>9 <KA;LN:  0G5< O A=>20 745AL, 0 =5 B0<, 5A;8 1K O CH;0, B0: 1K;> 1K ;CGH5 4;O 2A5E 8 G5AB=55 . >A;5 MB>3> M?87>40 <KA;8 > =565;0=88 68BL ?@0:B8G5A:8 =5 ?>:840;8 1>;L=CN. %>B5;>AL 25@=CBL <C60, => ?>=8<0;0, GB> MB> =52>7<>6=>, >B G53> 2?040;0 2 5I5 1>;LH55 >BG0O=85.  45:01@5 1997 3. CAB@>8;0AL =0 @01>BC 2 :>=AB@C:B>@A:>5 1N@> /:>2;520 =0 4>;6=>ABL A5:@5B0@O, @01>B0 =5 =@028;0AL, => 2 :0:>9-B> AB5?5=8 48AF8?;8=8@>20;0 1>;L=CN. ;:>3>;L C?>B@51;OBL AB0;0 @565, => ?@81;878B5;L=> B@8 @070 2 =545;N ?> 55 A;>20< =5 2K45@6820;0 8 ?> ?CB8 A @01>BK 25G5@>< ?>:C?0;0 3 10=:8 468=0 A B>=8:>< 8 2K?820;0 8E, B0: :0: 4><0 2 B@572>< A>AB>O=88 1K; =52K=>A8<>. A5 2 :20@B8@5 =0?><8=0;> <C60, ?@8G8=O;> 4CH52=CN 1>;L, :@><5 B>3> ?@8E>48;>AL :0:-B> 70=8<0BLAO A 4>G5@LN, ?@>25@OBL C@>:8, GB> 1K;> >A>15==> BO3>AB=>, B0: :0: @515=>: @074@060;, =5 8A?KBK20;0 : =59 <0B5@8=A:8E GC2AB2, 0 B>;L:> GC2AB2> 4>;30. KA;8 >1 CH54H5< <C65 AB0;8 ?>AB>O==K<8, ?@5A;54>20;8 55 2A5340, :@><5 B>3> 2@5<5=8, :>340 =0?820OAL, 701K20;0 >1> 2A5<. %>B5;0 871028BLAO >B =8E, ?>=8<0;0 8E 15A?>;57=>ABL, =5=C6=>ABL, => =5 <>3;0, 2>A?><8=0=8O > =5< ?@8=O;8 =02O7G82K9 E0@0:B5@. > 2A5< 28=8;0 A51O, GC2AB2>20;0 A2>N =5?@8A?>A>1;5==>ABL : 687=8, =5?>;=>F5==>ABL. 5 <>3;0 =8 A :5< ?>7=0:><8BLAO, ?@8 ?>?KB:0E ?>7=0:><8BLAO A =59 8 ?@>O2;5=88 2=8<0=8O A> AB>@>=K <C6G8= A@07C 70<K:0;0AL 8 CE>48;0 2 A51O. <5AB5 A 0;:>3>;5< C?>B@51;O;0 B@0=:28;870B>@K, MB> ?><>30;> :0:-B> 701KBLAO, C9B8 >B 4CH52=>9 1>;8. 0@O4C A ?>AB>O==>9 B@52>3>9 =0@0AB0;0 0?0B8O, ?>;=>5 @02=>4CH85 : 687=8, =5 8=B5@5A>20;8 4><0H=85 45;0, :=838, D8;L<K 8 B>, GB> :>340-B> 402=> B0: C2;5:0;>: D>B>3@0D8O, B50B@, 682>?8AL. %>B5;>AL ?@>AB> BC?> A845BL, >B:;NG82H8AL >B 2A53>, :064>5 42865=85 @074@060;>. 7 A5=BO1@O 1998 3. 2?5@2K5 ?>ABC?8;0 =0 ;5G5=85 2 6-5 A0=0B>@=>5 >B45;5=85 3-9 ?A8E80B@8G5A:>9 1>;L=8FK 8<. 8;O@>2A:>3>. @8 ?>ABC?;5=88 60;>20;0AL =0 B@52>3C, ?>402;5==>5 =0AB@>5=85, 15AA>==8FC, ?>B5@N 0??5B8B0, AC8F840;L=K5 <KA;8.  ?A8E8G5A:>< AB0BCA5 ?@5>1;040;0 70B>@<>65==>ABL 42830B5;L=>-8450B>@=0O, 157@07;8G85 : A2>59 AC4L15.  3>A?8B0;870F88 >B=>A8;0AL =530B82=>. !>3;0A8;0AL B>;L:> =0 @568< 4=52=>3> ?@51K20=8O. >;CG0;0 ;5G5=85 0=0D@0=8;>< 50 <3 2/2 :0?. CB@><, 50 <3 .... 4=5<, 50 <3 0<8B@8?B8;8=0 =0 =>GL, M3;>=8;>< 300 <3 2 ACB:8, B@0=:28;870B>@0<8. @><5 B>3> ?@>2>48;>AL ?A8E>B5@0?52B8G5A:>5 ;5G5=85: 38?=>B5@0?8O 2 3@C??5 :>;;5:B82=>3> 38?=>70, >1I5C:@5?;ONI5-@0AA;01;ONI85 A50=AK. 0 ?5@2KE 42CE A50=A0E =5 <>3;0 @0AA;018BLAO, :>=B@>;8@>20;0 ?@>8AE>4OI55, 2> 2@5<O A50=A0 1K;8 =02O7G82K5 <KA;8 > <C65. 0G8=0O A 4-3> A50=A0 AB0;0 1>;55 3;C1>:> ?>3@C60BLAO 2 38?=>B8G5A:89 B@0=A, AB5?5=L 3;C18=K A>>B25BAB2>20;0 2 AB5?5=8, A@54=5<C 38?=>7C A G0AB8G=>9 0=0<=57859 ?>A;5 4538?=>B870F88. > 2@5<O 38?=>70 GC2AB2>0;0  :0:CN-B> =5>1KG09=CN ;53:>ABL 4CH8 8 B5;0 , G0AB> 2>7=8:0;0 O@:85 >1@07=K5 2>A?><8=0=8O ?>78B82=>3> A2>9AB20, =5 E>B5;0 2>72@0I0BLAO 2 @50;L=>ABL. @><5 B>3> ?@>2>48;0AL 8=48284C0;L=0O ?A8E>B5@0?52B8G5A:0O @01>B0, =0?@02;5==0O =0 ?>2KH5=85 A0<>>F5=:8, 4>AB865=85 1>;LH59 ;8G=>AB=>9 7@5;>AB8. K; CAB0=>2;5= ;8G=K9 M<>F8>=0;L=K9 :>=B0:B, BO=C;0AL 2 ?A8E>B5@0?88. @8<5=O;8AL B@0=A>2K5 B5E=8:8 2 8=48284C0;L=>9 @01>B5, M;5<5=BK , A8<2>;>.... ?>A;5 ?A8E>B5@0?52B8G5A:8E A5AA89 GC2AB2>20;0 A51O ;CGH5. > 7040=8N ?A8E>B5@0?52B0 =0G0;0 25AB8 4=52=8:, GB> ?><>30;> =5<=>3> @07>1@0BLAO 2 A515.  M;5<5=B0E 8A?>;L7>20;0AL "". ;:>3>;L 2> 2@5<O ;5G5=8O =5 C?>B@51;O;0. > 8=8F80B825 1>;L=>9 2K?8A0;0AL =0 @01>BC A C;CGH5=85< (:>340?). KH;0 =0 @01>BC, 345 1K;0 ?>=865=0 2 4>;6=>AB8, ?5@52545=0 2 4@C3>9 >B45;, GB> >G5=L ?5@56820;>AL 1>;L=>9. =>2L =0@CH8;AO A>=, 2>7=8:;0 B@52>30, <KA;8 > A2>59 =5A>AB>OB5;L=>AB8, AB0;0 4;O >1;53G5=8O A>AB>O=8O ?@8=8<0BL 0;:>3>;L 2 ?@56=8E :>;8G5AB20E. 17 =>O1@O ?>2B>@=> ?>ABC?8;0 =0 ;5G5=85 2 6-5 A0=0B>@=>5 >B45;5=85 1>;L=8FK, 345 8 =0E>48BAO 2 =0AB>OI55 2@5<O. @8 ?>ABC?;5=88 ?@54JO2;O;0 B5 65 60;>1K, GB> 8 2 ?@54K4CI59 3>A?8B0;870F88, => ?@8A>548=8;AO 2KA>:89 C@>25=L B@52>38, =02O7G82K5 <KA;8 >1 CH54H5< <C65, GC2AB2> 2=CB@5==59 4@>68, ?@8ABC?K AB@0E0 A A5@4F5185=8O<8, GC2AB2> =5E20B:8 2>74CE0.  ?A8E8G5A:>< AB0BCA5: A848B, AACBC;82H8AL, A> A:@5I5==K<8 =0 :>;5=OE @C:0<8, >?CI5==>9 3>;>2>9. ;0:A820, ?>402;5=0, 2=5H=5 048=0<8G=0, 2O;0, 2=CB@5==5 =0?@O65=0. K@065=85 ;8F0 70ABK2H5-AB@040;LG5A:>5, <8<8:0 154=0O. "8E8< <>=>B>==K< 3;>A>< @0AA:07K205B > B><, :0: 59 ?;>E>, BO65;>, B@52>6=>, > B><, GB> =5 <>65B @01>B0BL, B0: :0: >:@C60NI85 ;N48 @074@060NB, GB> 2K=C645=0 A45@6820BLAO, E>BO E>G5BAO A:@KBLAO >B> 2A5E. 5 >B@8F05B, GB> 2=>2L ?>O28;>AL 2;5G5=85 : A?8@B=><C, B0: :0: =0 D>=5 0;:>3>;L=>3> >?LO=5=8O A=8605BAO GC2AB2> 2=CB@5==53> =0?@O65=8O, GC2AB2C5B A51O  B0:>9 :0: 2A5 =>@<0;L=K5 ;N48, 682>9 A@548 682KE . A?KBK205B GC2AB2> 28=K 70 MB> ?@8AB@0AB85. 0AA:07K205B > <CG8B5;L=KE =02O7G82KE 2>A?><8=0=8OE > <C65, > B><, GB> @515=>: 2K7K205B @074@065=85, 70 B>, GB> O28;0AL ?@8G8=>9 @0A?040 A5<L8. >AB>O==> ?>2B>@O5B:  / 745AL ;8H=OO, =8 : G5<C =5 ?@8A?>A>1;5==0O, =8:G5<=0O . >=8<05B =5>1E>48<>ABL ;5G5=8O 2 ?A8E80B@8G5A:>9 1>;L=8F5. 52@>;>38G5A:89 AB0BCA. '-< 8=5@20F8O =5 =0@CH5=0, ACE>68;L=K5 8 ..... @5D;5:AK D=S. 0B>;>38G5A:8E @0AAB@>9AB2 =5 2KO2;5=>. >>@48=0F8>==K5 ?@>1K 2K?>;=O5B ?@028;L=>. 8:@>>@30=8G5A:>9 A8<?B><0B8:8 =5 2KO2;5=>. 0 -- 87<5=5=89 18>?>B5=F80;>2 >@30=8G5A:>3> E0@0:B5@0 =5 2KO2;5=>. -ME> 2 =>@<5. !><0B8G5A:89 AB0BCA 2 =>@<5.  120/80. !> AB>@>=K 2=CB@5==8E >@30=>2 ?0B>;>388 =5 2KO2;5=>. 0:;NG5=85 ?A8E>;>30. "..>B;81 >;L=0O 1K;0 >1A;54>20=0 : :>=F5 A5=BO1@O 2 ?@54K4CICN 3>A?8B0;870F8N > 2@5<O >1A;54>20=8O 2O;0, ?>402;5=0, 7040=8O 2K?>;=O5B 2 E>@>H5< B5<?5 157 >A>1>3> B@C40 AB0@0B5;L=>, >4=0:> =5A:>;L:> @07 =0@CH05B 8=AB@C:F8N, >1JOA=OO MB> =52=8<0B5;L=>ABLN. K;> >ICI5=85, GB> MB> !:>@55 MB> 1K; =5:>B>@K9 =530B8287<, ?@>O2;5=85 2=CB@5==53> A>?@>B82;5=8O. =8<0=85 =5CAB>9G82>, ?0<OBL >A;01;5=0. > =5 >G5=L A8;L=>. A>15==>AB8 3@0D8:8 C:07K20NB =0 =0;8G85 2535B>-A>AC48ABKE @0AAB@>9AB2, M<>F8>=0;L=CN ;018;L=>ABL, ;53:>ABL 2>7=8:=>25=8O 2=CB@5==59 =0?@O65==>AB8, B@52>6=KE @50:F89 =0 D>=5 0AB5=870F88.  ?8:B>3@0<<5 =0AB>@068205B >BACBAB285 G5;>25G5A:8E 87>1@065=89, D@03<5=B0@=>ABL, GB> <>65B C:07K20BL =0 ?@>1;5<K 2 AD5@5 :>=B0:B>2, G5@BK >B3>@>65==>AB8. AA>F80F88 2 F5;>< 045:20B=K5, >1KG=K5, >4=0:> 2AB@5G0NBAO A2>5>1@07=K5, =0?@8<5@, =0 A<5;K9 ?>ABC?>: 1>;L=0O @8AC5B @07>@20==CN 10=:=>BC 8 3>2>@8B:  07>@20==K9 4>;;0@ - ?@57@5BL 45=L38 , 0 >=0 :0: @07 1K;0 >701>G5=0 <0B5@80;L=K<8 @071>@:0<8 A 1K2H8< <C65<. >@>9 @8AC=:8 =5A:>;L:> AE5<0B8G=K, B> 5ABL 2 F5;>< ?8:B>3@0<<0 ?@>872>48B 2?5G0B;5=85 =5A:>;L:> H87>84=>9. @>5:B82=K5 B5ABK. @5>1;040=85 AB@040B5;L=>9 ?>78F88. 0 =5?@8OB=CN A8BC0F8N @50:F8O =5 ?@5>4>;5=8O, 0 ?5@56820=8O: A;57K, CE>4. >7<>6=0 =5:>B>@0O <=8B5;L=>ABL, =54>25@85 : <>B820< >:@C60NI8E, >AB>@>6=>ABL, =0AB>@>65==>ABL. >;L=0O A:;>==0 2845BL A51O 65@B2>9 8 28=8BL >:@C60NI8E 8 >1AB>OB5;LAB20 2 A2>8E =5C40G0E. 1=0@C68205BAO ?>B@51=>ABL 2 2KA>:>9 A0<>>F5=:5, >4>1@5=88 8 ?@87=0=88 A> AB>@>=K >:@C60NI8E, 65;0=85 1KBL F5==>9 8 ;N18<>9 2 A>G5B0=88 A =57@5;>ABLN, 8=D0=B8;87<><, 2=CB@5==59 ?0AA82=>ABLN 8 =53>B>2=>ABLN 45;0BL :0:85-B> CA8;8O GB>1K 4>18BLAO 2A53> MB>3>. >AB>O==> 8A?KBK205B >ICI5=85 =5C40G8, =5CA?5E0, @07>G0@>20=8O, ?>A:>;L:C C@>25=L ?@8BO70=89 7=0G8B5;L=> 2KH5 C@>2=O 4>AB865=89. :BC0;L=>5 A>AB>O=85 - @07>G0@>20=85, >ICI5=85, GB> >?@545;OBL :0:85-B> =>2K5 F5;8 15AA<KA;5==>, A:;>==0 1560BL >B @50;L=>AB8 2 @><0=B8G5A:85 D0=B0788, 0;:>3>;L, 1>;57=L. K;0 >1=0@C65=0 A:;>==>ABL : A><0B870F88 8 2>7=8:=>25=8N 8?>E>=4@8G5A:8E D8:A0F89.  ;8G=>AB8 48A30@<>=8G=> A>G5B0NBAO ?@>1;5<K 2 AD5@5 :>=B0:B>2, >B3>@>65==>ABL, =5:>B>@0O B5=45=F8O : A8<2>;8:5, :>B>@CN <>6=> =0720BL H87>84=K<8 >A>15==>ABO<8, 8 2K@065==K5 8AB5@>84=K5 B5=45=F88 - 45<>=AB@0B82=>ABL, A:;>==>ABL : 4@0<0B870F88, @074C20=8N A2>8E GC2AB2. %0@0:B5@=0 A:;>==>ABL : 8450;878@>20==><C 2>A?@8OB8N <8@0 A CE>4>< >B @50;L=>AB8. #@>25=L >1>1I5=89 4>AB0B>G=> 2KA>:89.  E>45 :0B53>@870F88 =0@CH5=89 <KH;5=8O A?5F8D8G5A:>3> E0@0:B5@0 =5 1K;> 2KO2;5=>, E>BO =5<=>6:> =0AB>@06820; >BB5=>: @57>=5@AB20 2 @0AAC645=8OE. KABC?05B A=865=85 =0AB@>5=8O, B@52>30 =0 D>=5 0AB5=870F88 C =57@5;>9 48A30@<>=8G=>9 ;8G=>AB8, A:;>==>9 : 153AB2C >B @50;L=>AB8 2 D0=B0788, 0;:>3>;L, 1>;57=L. 0AB>@068205B A2>5>1@0785 0AA>F80F89 8 =5:>B>@0O A:;>==>ABL : @57>=5@AB2C. >;L=0O =0E>48BAO 2 AB0F8>=0@5 C65 2 B5G5=85 G5BK@5E <5AOF52. 9 ?@>2>48;>AL 8=B5=A82=>5 ;5G5=85 B@8F8:;8G5A:8<8 0=B845?@5AA0=B0<8, 0=0D@0=8;><, ;C48><8;><, ?@>2>48;>AL =0@0I820=85 4>7 0<8B@8?B8;8=0 4> 300 <3 2 ACB:8 A B@>5:@0B=K< >1@K2><, 2 A>G5B0=88 A =59@>;5?B8:0<8: B875@F8= 4> 150 <3 2 ACB:8, A E;>@?@0B5:A5=><. 0 D>=5 ?@>2>48<>9 B5@0?88 >B<5G0;8AL :@0B:>2@5<5==K5 C;CGH5=8O =0 >1@K25 8 A<5=5, => 2 AB0BCA5 ?@>4>;605B A>E@0=OBLAO 2KA>:89 C@>25=L B@52>38, 1>;55 2K@065==>9 2 ?5@2CN ?>;>28=C 4=O A 2=CB@5==59 4@>6LN, AB@0E ?5@54 2=5H=8< <8@><. 0=8G5A:8 1>8BAO 2K?8A:8. AB05BAO :@09=OO =5C25@5==>ABL 2 B><, GB> >=0 4> :>=F0 74>@>20 8 <>65B A?@028BLAO A @01>B>9, 4><0H=8<8 >1O70==>ABO<8, C45@60BLAO >B ?@85<0 1>;LH8E 4>7 A?8@B=>3>. @>2>48;8AL A?5F8D8G5A:85 ?@>B82>0;:>3>;L=K5 38?=>B8G5A:8 A50=AK 8 >=0 2 B5G5=85 3 <5AOF52 A>25@H5==> =5 C?>B@51;O;0 A?8@B=>5, E>BO ?>@>9 =0 2KE>4=K5 CE>48;0 4><>9. !B0;0 2KA:07K20BL <KA;8 >1 8=20;84=>AB8, B0: :0: AG8B05B, GB> MB> 548=AB25==K9 2KE>4 87 55 A8BC0F88. @><5 B>3>, 2 ?5@8>4 ?@51K20=8O 2 AB0F8>=0@5 M?87>48G5A:8 2>7=8:0;> GC2AB2>, GB> 55 ;8G=>ABL 8 2=CB@5==55  O @0742>5=K, >4=0 ?>;>28=0 E>@>H0O, ?>@O4>G=0O, 0 4@C30O - ?LO=8F0 >B2@0B8B5;L=0O, 3@O7=0O 8 ?>@>G=0O. >7=8:0;8 45?5@A>=0;870F8>==K5 @0AAB@>9AB20 =52@>B8G5A:>3> @538AB@0, :>340 >=0 GC2AB2>20;0 A2>N M<>F8>=0;L=CN 87<5=5==>ABL, :0:CN-B> =55AB5AB25==>ABL A2>8E GC2AB. A>15==> 2 B>9 >1AB0=>2:5. >340 =C6=> 1K;> ?@>O2;OBL MB8 GC2AB20. >@5, @04>ABL - >=0 3>2>@8;0, GB> 59 >G5=L B@C4=> ?@>O28BL MB8 GC2AB20, :0:0O-B> B0:0O <8<8:0-<0A:0, AC1J5:B82=K5 >ICI5=8O, =5 4>E>4OI0O 4> 1>;57=5==>9 ?A8E8G5A:8.  =0G0;5 <0@B5 55 :>=AC;LB8@>20; =0 :0D54@5 ?A8E>B5@0?88 ?@>D...C@=> 8 1K;> ?@54;>65=> 0<1C;0B>@=>5 ;5G5=85 2 1->< =0@:>;>38G5A:>< 48A?0=A5@5, 345 59 :@><5 8=48284C0;L=>9 ?A8E>B5@0?88 8 38?=>B8G5A:>3> ;5G5=8O =0G0;8 ?@>2>48BL 70=OB8O 2 3@C??5 B2>@G5A:>3> A0<>2K@065=8O. =0<=57 A> A;>2 1>;L=>9 8 A> A;>2 <0B5@8. 5A540 A 1>;L=>9 =5 70?8A0=0. @0G-4>:;04G8:: <=5 E>B5;>AL 1K A:070BL =5A:>;L:> A;>2 > 48DD5@5=F80;L=>< 4803=>75, :0: <K MB> ?@54AB02;O5< 2 >B45;5=88.  48DD5@5=F80;L=K9 @O4 =0 ?5@2K9 273;O4 <>6=> 1K;> 1K ?>AB028BL ?A8E>?0B8N ?A8E0AB5=8G5A:>3> :@C30 2 AB0488 45:><?5=A0F88. "0: :0: =0;8F> ?>2KH5==0O B@52>6=>ABL, =5C25@5==>ABL 2 A515, A A0<>3> 45BAB20 2>A?8B0=85 2 >1AB0=>2:5 ?@>B82>@5G82>AB8, A >4=>9 AB>@>=K 2A54>72>;5==>ABL, A 4@C3>9 - ?@54JO2;5=85 ?>2KH5==KE B@51>20=89 : 452>G:5, 38?5@>?5:0. 5;L7O =5 >B<5B8BL B0:65 =0;8G85 ?A8E8G5A:>9 B@02<K 2 2>7@0AB5 11-12 ;5B, :>340 @0A?0;0AL A5<LO 1>;L=>9, B0: :0: MB0 B@02<0 :0: @07 A>>B25BAB2>20;0 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=><C MB0?C D>@<8@>20=8O ;8G=>AB8, GB> 2?>A;54AB288 :0: 8 E0@0:B5@=> 4;O ?A8E0AB5=8:>2 ?@82>48B : ?@5>1;040=8N <KA;8B5;L=>9 AD5@K =04 M<>F8>=0;L=>9, GB> =0E>48B A2>5 >B@065=85 2 B@52>6=KE A><=5=8OE, > :>B>@KE >=0 A0<0 745AL @0AA:07K20;0 8 :>B>@K5 O C?><8=0;0 2 8AB>@88 1>;57=8. !N40 65 >B=>AOBAO B0:85 <O3:85 45?5@A>=0;870F8>==K5 @0AAB@>9AB20, M?87>48G5A:8 2>7=8:0NI85. >340 >=0 =5 GC2AB2C5B A51O ?> A2>5<C, :>340 2>7=8:05B GC2AB2> =55AB5AB25==>AB8 A2>8E M<>F89, >BGC645==>AB8 >B =8E. 0;8G85 2?>A;54AB288 =02O7G82KE <KA;59 > <C65 B0:65 <>6=> 2:;NG8BL 2 AB@C:BC@C 45:><?0=A0F88 40==>9 ?A8E>?0B88. "0:65 A2>9AB25==>5 ;N4O< A ?A8E0AB5=8G5A:8< @048:0;>< ?>2KH5==0O B@51>20B5;L=>ABL : A515, >1O70B5;L=>ABL, GC2AB2> 4>;30, 1>O7;82>ABL, B@52>30 ?5@54 M:70<5=0<8. A;8 ?@>25AB8 1>;55 3;C1>:89 0=0;87, B> <K C2848<, GB> 2 ;8G=>AB8 1>;L=>9 =5B G5B:> 2K@065==>3> >A=>2=>3> @048:0;0, O4@0. 45AL 5ABL 8 0CB8AB8G=>ABL, GB> ?@>O2;O;>AL 5I5 2 45BAB25 70<:=CB>ABLN, >B3>@>65==>ABLN >B A25@AB=8:>2, A:;>==>ABLN : D0=B078@>20=8N, B@C4=>AB8 2 >1I5=88 A ;N4L<8 2 1>;55 27@>A;>< 2>7@0AB5, =5:>B>@K9 A8<2>;87< <KH;5=8O, :0: >B<5G0; ?A8E>;>3 8 A8<2>;87< 0AA>F80F89. 0?@8<5@, >=0 @8A>20;0 <=5 >1@07 1>;57=8 2 2845 <0;5=L:>3> >AB@>2:0, GB>1K GB>-B> 75;5=>5, 1K;> >:@C65==>5 ?;0<5=5< 8 G5@=K5 AB@5;:8, 254CI85 :C40-B> 2=87. =0 >1JOA=8;0, GB> 55 1>;57=L - MB> 2>4>2>@>B. @C3>< >:50= 8 MB>B 2>4>2>@>B 70BO38205B 55 ?>AB5?5==>.  2>B <0;5=L:89 CG0AB>: 74>@>2LO, =0 :>B>@>< ?@0:B8G5A:8 =52>7<>6=> =0E>48BLAO, >:@C65= ?;0<5=5<, 59 <>6=> B>;L:> ?@K3=CBL 2 2>4C, 0 B0< 2>4>2>@>B. "> 5ABL ?@0:B8G5A:8 =8:0:>3> 2KE>40 =5B. @><5 2A53> ?@8ACBAB2CNB B0:65 45<>=AB@0B82=K5 B5=45=F88 A ?>?KB:0<8 ;N1K<8 A?>A>10<8 ?@82;5GL : A515 2=8<0=85. 5<>=AB@0B82=K<8 AC8F840<8 4>18BLAO ?>445@6:8, A>GC2AB28O. 5:>B>@0O 45<>=AB@0B82=>ABL 2 >1I5=88, ?>2KH5==K9 C@>25=L ?@8BO70=89 ;8G=>AB8, GB> A2845B5;LAB2C5B B0:65 >1 8=D0=B8;L=>AB8, A2>9AB25==K< ;N4O< A 8AB5@8G5A:8< @048:0;><. "0:8< >1@07><, =0;8F> <>708:0 E0@0:B5@>;>38G5A:8E @048:0;>2. 52>7<>6=>ABL 2K45;5=8O >A=>2=>3>, 3;02=>3> O4@0 ;8G=>AB8, A2>5>1@07=>5 A<5H5=85, :0:>5-B> @074@>1;5=85 A0<>3> E0@0:B5@>;>38G5A:>3> O4@0, >A:>;:8 E0@0:B5@>;>38G5A:8E O45@, GB> <>65B A2845B5;LAB2>20BL ;81> >1 >@30=8G5A:><, ;81> >1 M=4>35==>< ?@>F5AA5. ;O :>B>@>3> B0:0O <>708G=>ABL A2>9AB25==0. "0: :0: <K =5 2848< =8:0:8E >@30=8G5A:8E 87<5=5=89 ?> @57C;LB0B0< >1A;54>20=8O, 1>;LH5 A:;>=O5<AO : ?>A;54=5<C.  F8:;>B8<88, 45?@5AA82=>9 D075 <>6=> 1K;> 4C<0BL 2 =0G0;L=K9 ?5@8>4 701>;520=8O, :>340 0DD5:B82=K5 @0AAB@>9AB20 =>A8;8 =5@57:> 2K@065==K9 8 A:>@> ?@>E>4OI89 E0@0:B5@, :0: MB> 1K;> 2 ?C15@B0B5 8 2> 2@5<O 15@5<5==>AB8. ">340 MB8 0DD5:B82=K5 @0AAB@>9AB20 =5 >B@060;8AL 70<5B=> =0 2=5H=5< >1;8:5, ?>2545=88 8 45OB5;L=>AB8 1>;L=> 9. ">340 8<5;0 <5AB> ?;0:A82>ABL, =565;0=85 >1I0BLAO A ?>4@C30<8, ?>=865==>5 =0AB@>5=85, =5 4>AB830NI55 >4=0:> AB5?5=8 B>A:8, =5 1K;> B@52>6=>3> :><?>=5=B0, =5 1K;> AC8F840;L=KE B5=45=F89, E>BO 2 ?@8=F8?5 >=8 <>3;8 1KBL 2 AB@C:BC@5 F8:;>B8<88. A5 MB> 1KAB@> ?@>E>48;>, A<5=O;>AL @>2=K< 8;8 4065 ?>@>9 =5A:>;L:> ?>2KH5==K< =0AB@>5=85< A =0;5B>< @><0=B87<0. %0@0:B5@=KE 4;O F8:;>B8<88 A><0B>2535B0B82=KE =0@CH5=89 =5 1K;>. >;510=8O =0AB@>5=8O 1K;8 :0: 15A?@8G8==K<8, B0: 8 8<5;8 70G0ABCN ?A8E>;>38G5A:8 ?>=OB=K9 E0@0:B5@, =0?@8<5@, M?87>4 A> A<5@BLN E><OG:0. 45AL 4>2>;L=> >BG5B;82> 2KABC?0;0 @>;L ;8G=>AB=>3> A:;040, ;8G=>AB=>3> >?>A@54>20=8O @0AAB@>9AB20, 87=0G0;L=0O =5C25@5==>ABL 2 A515, GC2AB2> A>1AB25==>9 =5?>;=>F5==>AB8 =0@O4C A @0=8<K< A0<>;N185<, GB> E0@0:B5@=> 4;O @0AAB@>9AB2 F8:;>B8<8G5A:>3> C@>2=O.  40;L=59H5< ?@8 @0728B88 701>;520=8O 0DD5:B82=K5 @0AAB@>9AB20 AB0;8 1>;55 3;C1>:8<8 8 AB>9:8<8, ?>O28;AO 28B0;L=K9 8 2K@065==K9 B@52>6=K9 :><?>=5=B, GB> O2;O5BAO =5E0@0:B5@=K< 4;O @0AAB@>9AB2 F8:;>B8<8G5A:>3> C@>2=O. >60;C9, A0<K< B@C4=K< 1C45B ?@>25AB8 48DD5@5=F80;L=K9 4803=>7 <564C <0=80:0;L=>-45?@5AA82=K< ?A8E>7>< 8 <0;>?@>3@5485=B=K< M=4>35==>-?@>F5AAC0;L=K< 701>;520=85< A 2K@065==K<8 0DD5:B82=K<8 =0@CH5=8O<8. ;O 45?@5AA82=KE D07 <0=80:0;L=>-45?@5AA82=>3> ?A8E>70 1>;55 A2>9AB25==0 B0: =07. :;0AA8G5A:0O 45?@5AA8O, ?@54AB02;5==0O ?@5>1;040=85< B>A:;82>3> 20@80=B0 0DD5:B0, 30@<>=8G=> A>G5B0NI53>AO A 8450B>@=K< 8 <>B>@=K< B>@<>65=85<. DD5:B82=>5 725=> F8@:C;O@=KE 45?@5AA89 >B=>A8B5;L=> >4=>@>4=>, E>BO =0@O4C A B>A:;82K< 0DD5:B>< =5@54:> ?@8ACBAB2C5B 2K@065==K5 2 @07;8G=>9 AB5?5=8 B@52>30 8 0?0B8O, GB> B0:65 A>AB02;O5B 0DD5:B82=>5 725=>. "@52>6=K5 2:;NG5=8O >1=0@C6820NBAO 4>2>;L=> G0AB>, GB> 2=>A8B >?@545;5==K5 87<5=5=8O 2 30@<>=8G=>ABL 45?@5AA82=>9 B@804K ?@8 <4?, :0: 2 =0H5< A;CG05. 0: 254CI89 0DD5:B B@52>30 G0I5 >B<5G05BAO C 1>;L=KE ?>68;>3> 2>7@0AB0, ;81> ?@8 =0;8G88 ?@87=0:>2 >@30=8G5A:>3> 8;8 A>AC48AB>3> ?>@065=8O 3>;>2=>3> <>730. 5@54:> B@52>6=K9 :><?>=5=B 2 AB@C:BC@5 45?@5AA88 >B@0605B ?@5<>@184=K5 >A>15==>AB8 ;8G=>AB8, GB> 4;O 40==>9 1>;L=>9 E0@0:B5@=>. "0: :0: B@52>6=>ABL 2E>48;0 2 AB@C:BC@=>-E0@0:B5@>;>38G5A:85 >A>15==>AB8 1>;L=>9. @8 28B0;L=>< E0@0:B5@5 45?@5AA88 >BG5B;82> 2KABC?0NB A><0B>-?A8E8G5A:85 =0@CH5=8O, A2>9AB25==K5 254CI5<C 0DD5:BC, G0AB> 2 2845 BO3>AB=KE >ICI5=89 2 >1;0AB8 3@C48, >1I53> GC2AB20 BO65AB8 2 :>=5G=>ABOE, ?;5G0E, A?8=5, GB> 8<5;> <5AB> C 40==>9 1>;L=>9. "0:65 2A?><8=05BAO, GB> =0 D>=5 ;5G5=8O 0<8B@8?B8;8=>< MB8 =0@CH5=8O :C?8@>20;8AL. $>188 8 =02O7G82>AB8 2>7=8:0NB ?@58<CI5AB25==> 2 AB@C:BC@5 B@52>6=KE D07 8 <>3CB 8<5BL 4>AB0B>G=CN 8=B5=A82=>ABL. 02O7G82K5 2>A?><8=0=8O 8 <KA;8 > <C65 C =0H59 1>;L=>9. =8 >B;8G0NBAO GC2AB25==>9 :>=:@5B=>ABLN, 0 8E 2>7=8:=>25=85 - ?A8E>;>38G5A:>9 ?>=OB=>ABLN, 0 B0:65 >B=>A8B5;L=K< A>>B25ABB285< 3;C18=5 B@52>38, GB> 2 =0H5< A;CG05 B0:65 8<55B <5AB>. 458 <0;>F5==>AB8, A0<>C=8G865=8O 8 A0<>>128=5=8O B0:65 E0@0:B5@=K 4;O <4? 8 745AL >=8 =0;8F>. 5?@5AA82=0O 45?5@A>=0;870F8O ?@8 <4? ?@58<CI5AB25==> ?@54AB02;5=0 1>;57=5==>9 ?A8E8G5A:>9 0=0AB57859, GB> 2 40==>< :;8=8G5A:>< A;CG05 <5AB0 =5 8<5;>. 5?5@A>=0;870F8>==K5 @0AAB@>9AB20 :0A0;8AL B>;L:> M<>F8>=0;L=>9 AD5@K, 2>7=8:0;8 @54:> 8 ?5@56820=89 ?> MB><C ?>2>4C 1>;L=0O =5 8A?KBK20;0.  38?><0=80:0;L=KE M?87>40E 2 40==>< :;8=8G5A:>< A;CG05 B0:65 <>6=> 3>2>@8BL A 1>;LH8< A><=5=85<. A?><8=0=8O M?87>4 - >B4KE =0 N35, 345 =0 D>=5 >1@K20 0<8B@8?B8;8=0 =0AB@>5=85 1K;> =5A:>;L:> ?>2KH5==K<, 2 ?C15@B0B5 - ?>2KH5==>5 =0AB@>5=85 A =0;5B>< @><0=B87<0, => B5< =5 <5=55 E0@0:B5@=>3> CA:>@5=8O <KA;8B5;L=>9 8 <>B>@=>9 0:B82=>AB8 =5 >B<5G0;>AL. <5;> <5AB> B>;L:> 2K@02=820=85 D>=0 =0AB@>5=8O, <>65B 1KBL A =51>;LH8< 53> ?>2KH5=85< 8 4065 M?87>48G5A:8, :>340 >=0 >B4KE0;0 =0 N35 8 C =55 =0AB@>5=85 1K;> B0:8< @04C6=K<, 8<5;0 <5AB> D878G5A:0O A;01>ABL, BO65ABL 2 3>;>25, GB> :0:-B> A<07K205B :;8=8G5A:CN :0@B8=C <4?. "0:8< >1@07><. K 15@5< =0 A51O A<5;>ABL ?@89B8 : 2K2>4C, GB> 2 40==>< A;CG05 <K 8<55< <5AB> A <0;>?@>3@5;485=B=K< M=4>35==K< ?@>F5AA>< A 0DD5:B82=K<8 @0AAB@>9AB20<8. (87>D@5=8O <0;>?@>3@5485=B=0O, ?A8E0AB5=>?>4>1=0O A 2K@065==K<8 0DD5:B82=K<8 @0AAB@>9AB20<8 8 A8<?B><0B8G5A:89 0;:>3>;87< 8;8 A8<?B><0B8G5A:>5 7;>C?>B@51;5=85 0;:>3>;5<. !:>@55 2B>@>5, B0: :0: E0@0:B5@=>9 4;O 0;:>3>;87<0 A8<?B><0B8:8 =5B, E>BO 5ABL ?>2KH5=85 B>;5@0=B=>AB8 8 7028A8<>ABL, => >=0 ?A8E>;>38G5A:>3> E0@0:B5@0, :>340 C =55 =0AB@>5=85 @>2=>5, 59 =5 ?@8E>48BAO =8:0: @5038@>20BL ?@85<>< 0;:>3>;O.  <0;>?@>3@5485=B=>< B5G5=88 ?@>F5AA0 A2845B5;LAB2C5B >BACBAB285 ?A8E>B8G5A:>9 A8<?B><0B8:8. BACBAB285 HC1>2. !>E@0==>ABL ;8G=>AB8 1>;L=>9, >BACBAB285 70<5B=>3> 45D5:B0.  B>< GB> 45?@5AAA82=K5 @0AAB@>9AB20 =01;N40NBAO 2 AB@C:BC@5 M=4>35==>-?@>F5AAC0;L=>3> 701>;520=8O, A2845B5;LAB2C5B8 B>, GB> 2 :0@B8=5 45?@5AA88 4>2>;L=> B@C4=> 2K45;8BL 254CI89 0DD5:B, 87-70 53> A<5=O5<>AB8. !;>6=>3> A>G5B0=8O @07;8G=KE :><?>=5=B>2 2 0DD5:B82=>< 725=5 45?@5AA88. >402;5==>5 =0AB@>5=85 A 28B0;L=K< :><?>=5=B><, ?>2KH5==0O B@52>30, 15A?@8G8==K9 0<>@D=K9 AB@0EAB@0E :>:>B@K9 1>;L=0O ?@54JO2;O5B :0: AB@0E ?5@54 687=LN, 2=5H=8< <8@><, 2 A8;C A2>53> =5A>>B25BAB28O 8<, 0?0B8O, ?@8ABC?K ?0=8G5A:>3> C60A0, >BG0O=8O, 2535B0B82=>5 @0AAB@>9AB20 - 2848< @07@0AB0=85.... 2A5 MB> ?@82>48B : B><C. 'B> 1>;L=0O ?>AB>O==> GC2AB2C5B A51O 1>;L=>9 8 MB8 @0AAB@>9AB20 ?@>8AE>4OB :0: 1K A0<8 87 A51O, @07@0AB0NBAO 8 A<5H820NBAO. "0:8< >1@07>< 0DD5:B82=>5 725=> >B;8G05BAO A;>6=>ABLN.  40==>< A;CG05 ?@5>1;0405B B@52>6=K9 :><?>=5=B, => :064K9 :><?>=5=B - B@52>30, B>A:0 8 0?0B8O >1;0405B 8725AB=>9 A0<>AB>OB5;L=>ABLN 8 87<5=G82>ABLN >B=>H5=89 A 8450B>@=K<8 8 <>B>@=K<8 @0AAB@>9AB20<8. "0:, =0?@8<5@, B@52>6=K9 :><?>=5=B =5 2K7K20; C 1>;L=>9 42830B5;L=>3> 8 8450B>@=>3> 2>71C645=8O. 0?@>B82 <K ?><=8<, GB> :>340 >=0 =0E>48;0AL 2 A8;L=59H59 B@52>35 8 A0<0 >?8AK205B :0:  B@52>30 =0:@K20;0 55 A 3>;>2>9 , >=0 ;560;0 A>25@H5==> >15742865==0O, ?>25@=C2H8AL ;8F>< : AB5=5. 45AL :0:>9-B> 48AA>=0=A <564C 0DD5:B82=K< @0AAB@>9AB20<8, 2K@065==>ABLN B@52>6=>3> :><?>=5=B0 45?@5AA88 8 42830B5;L=K<8 8 8450B>@=K<8 @0AAB@>9AB20<8. 1 M=4>35==>< ?@>F5AA5 B0:65 <>65B 3>2>@8BL 8725AB=0O M<>F8>=0;L=0O E>;>4=>ABL 1>;L=>9 ?> >B=>H5=8N : 4>G5@8, 101CH:5, 2>A?8B02H59 55, M?87>4K 2>7=8:=>25=8O GC2AB20. 'B> 55 ;8G=>ABL :0: 1K @074208205BAO, A>AB>8B 87 42CE ?>;>28=>: - E>@>H59 8 ?;>E>9, :0:0O-B> 15A?><>I=>ABL, @07;065==>ABL, GC2AB2>, GB> A>25@H5==> 70?CB0;0AL 8 =5 <>65B =09B8 2KE>40, A8<2>;87< >1@07>2, A 8725AB=K<8 >3>2>@:0<8 > 40==>9 =>7>;>388 A2845B5;LAB2C5B 55 ?>AB>O==>5 65;0=85 ?>445@6:8, ?>=8<0=8O, 15A?><>I=>AB8, 0 B0:65 <>708G=>ABL E0@0:B5@0. K 55 ?@>:>=AC;LB8@>20;8 =0 :0D54@5 ?A8E>B5@0?88, 8 >=0 A59G0A 1C45B E>48BL 2 3@C??C B2>@G5A:>3> A0<>2K@065=8O. =0 ;8G=>ABL 4CE>2=> 1>30B0O 8 C =55 5ABL @5AC@A, :>B>@K9 >=0 A59G0A 2 A8;C A2>59 @07;065==>AB8 =5 <>65B 70459AB2>20BL 8 ?@8720BL =0 ?><>IL. >65B 1KBL MB8 3@C??K 59 ?><>3CB 8 :@><5 B>3>, >=0 1C45B B0< ?>;CG0BL 65;05<>5 >1I5=85, :>B>@>3> >=0 B0: 60645B.  ;5:0@AB25==0O B5@0?8O. - 0:0O? - K 1C45< =0 D>=5 ?A8E>B5@0?52B8G5A:>3> ;5G5=8O ?>AB5?5==> A=860BL 59 4>7C 0=B845?@5AA0=B>2. - K 2K?8AK205B5 55 =0 ?A8E>B5@0?88 8 =51>;LH8E 4>70E 0=B845?@5AA0=B>2 2 @0AG5B5 =0 B>, GB> 2 1C4CI5< 2>>1I5 >AB028B5 55 157 ;5:0@AB2? - 0, 5ABL B0:0O =045640 .. >BHB59=: O 4C<0N, GB> 2A53> B>3>, GB> A:070=> 4>AB0B>G=> 4;O B>3>, GB>1K O <>3 27OBL A;>2> 8 ?@5645 2A53> >1JOA=8BL, 2 G5< O 286C A<KA; ?>4>1=KE :;8=8G5A:8E @071>@>2. / ?@8H5; AN40 =5 4;O B>3>, GB>1K CG8BL ?A8E80B@88, A<KA; ?>4>1=>3> @>40 2AB@5G O 286C 2 B><, GB>1K ?5@540BL 0< >A=>2=K5 <5B>48G5A:85 ?@8=F8?K @071>@0 1>;L=KE. -B> B5 <5B>48G5A:85 ?@8=F8?K, :>B>@K5 =5>1E>48<> A>1;N40BL, 5A;8 2K E>B8B5 1KBL 2=CB@5==5 =5?@>B82>@5G82K<8 ?> >B=>H5=8N : 1>;L=><C. 'B>1K :064K9 87 20A =5 2?040; 2> 2=CB@5==85 ?@>B82>@5G8O 8 ?CB0=8FC 87-70 ?@>AB>3> =5A>1;N45=8O <5B>48: @071>@0 1>;L=>3>. 'B> MB> 7=0G8B? >:B>@, :>B>@K9 3>2>@8; ?@> 1@54>2K5 @0AAB@>9AB20.... 0:CN >H81:C <5B>48G5A:>3> E0@0:B5@0 >= A>25@H8;? = A:070;, GB> 2>-?5@2KE C 1>;L=>9 1@54 A0<>>128=5=8O, 0 2>-2B>@KE - MB> 1@54 M:78AB5=F80;L=>3> E0@0:B5@0, 1@54 :@0E0 A>1AB25==>9 ;8G=>AB8. -B> =5A>2<5AB8<K5 25I8 2 @0<:0E >4=>9 4803=>AB8G5A:>9 A8AB5<K. .......  MB>< 4803=>AB8G5A:>< ?@>AB@0=AB25 =5 ACI5AB2C5B =8:0:>3> M:78AB5=F80;L=>3> 1@540. A;8 <K E>B8< =0E>48BLAO 2 B>< ?>;5, 345 >= ACI5AB2C5B, B0< =5B <=>38E 4@C38E ?>=OB89, =0?@8<5@, B0< =5B 2O;>B5:CI59 H87>D@5=88. K 4>;6=K ?@5645 2A53> 2K1@0BL, 2 @0<:0E :0:>9 4803=>AB8G5A:>9 A8AB5<K <K E>B8< 4803=>AB8@>20BL 40==K9 A;CG09.  2K1@02 A8AB5<C, 4>;6=K AB0@0BLAO 2 =59 >AB020BLAO. 0?@8<5@, 5A;8 <K @5H8;8, GB> 4>;6=K ?>AB028BL 4803=>7 2 @0<:0E -10, =8 > :0:>9 H87>D@5=88 B>340 =5 <>65B 84B8 8 @5G8, B0: :0: =8 >4=>3> :@8B5@8O H87>D@5=88, :>B>@K9 B@51C5BAO 2 @0<:0E -10, C MB>9 1>;L=>9 =5B. K =5 A<>65< ?>AB028BL =8:0:CN H87>D@5=8N, 4065 H87>B8?8G5A:>5 @0AAB@>9AB2>. >B><C GB> =0 ?5@2>< ?;0=5... 54L -10 MB> B0:0O 4803=>AB8G5A:0O A8AB5<0, :>B>@0O B@51C5B =5 25AL 4803=>7 2A5>1J5<;NI89, :0: <K ?@82K:;8 - >B =0G0;0 701>;520=8O 4> A53>4=OH=53> 4=O - =5 MB> 2A5 4803=>AB8@>20BL, 0 B> A>AB>O=85 A :>B>@K< <K 2AB@5G05<AO. # MB>9 1>;L=>9, 5A;8 1@0BL 55 3>A?8B0;870F8N, 0 =5 ?@>AB> A53>4=OH=89 AB0BCA, @5GL 845B :>=5G=> > 45?@5AA88, > 45?@5AA82=>< M?87>45.  @0<:0E -10 MB> 8 1C45B 45?@5AA82=K9 M?87>4, @5:C@5=B=K9 45?@5AA82=K9 M?87>4, B0: :0: 1K;8 C65 0DD5:B82=K5 D07K. 025@=>5, 18?>;O@=K9 M?87>4, ?>B><C GB> 1K;8 =0<5:8 =0 38?><0=8N 8 B.4. > =8G53> >1I53> A H87>D@5=859 745AL =5B. >65B 1KBL 2 @0<:0E -10 =04> 1K;> AB028BL 420 4803=>70 8;8 4065 B@8.  -10 MB> ?>72>;O5B. # =0H59 1>;L=>9 5ABL 5I5 @0AAB@>9AB20 =52@>B8G5A:>3> @O40, C =55 5ABL 5I5 :0:85-B> 0;:>3>;L=K5 @0AAB@>9AB20. "@C4=> A:070BL, 5ABL ;8 E@>=8G5A:89 0;:>3>;87< 8;8 ?@>AB> 7028A8<>ABL. > -10 >B45;L=> 2A5 MB8 B@8 4803=>70 <>6=> 2KAB028BL: 45?@5AA8O, =52@>B8G5A:85 @0AAB@>9AB20 (>1F5AA88) 8 0;:>3>;L=0O 7028A8<>ABL. A;8 <K E>B8< AB028BL 4803=>7 2 @0<:0E B@048F8>==>9 <>A:>2A:>9 H:>;K, H:>;K =4@5O ;048<8@>28G0 !=56=52A:>3>, <K 4>;6=K 2A?><=8BL =5 B>;L:> B5 ?A8E>?0B>;>38G5A:85 :;8=8G5A:85 :>=F5?F88, :>B>@K5 ;560B 2 >A=>25 2A59 MB>9 4803=>AB8G5A:>9 A8AB5<K, => 8 <5B>4 @071>@0 1>;L=>3>, B@51>20=8O, :>B>@0O MB0 A8AB5<0 ?@54JO2;O5B : <5B>4C @071>@0 8;8 4803=>AB8G5A:>9 @01>BK.  G5< 2A5340 3>2>@8; !=56=52A:89? K 4>;6=K =0G8=0BL @071>@ 1>;L=>9 A >F5=:8 :20;8D8:0F88 55 AB0BCA0, A B>3>, GB> 284OB 0H8 3;070. >B><C GB> MB> 548=AB25==>5, GB> K 7=05B5 B>G=>. A5 >AB0;L=>5 0< B>;L:> @0AA:07K20NB 1>;L=K5, 8E @>4AB25==8:8, 8E 2@0G8. -B> K 2K=C645=K ?@8=8<0BL =0 25@C. >MB><C A=0G0;0 K 4>;6=K :20;8D8F8@>20BL AB0BCA 2> 2A5E ?>4@>1=>ABOE, A> 2A5<8 53> >A>15==>ABO<8, 8 K 4>;6=K =0720BL 2A5 B>, GB> K 2848B5, 8725AB=K<8 ?@8=OBK<8 2 MB>9 4803=>AB8G5A:>9 A8AB5<5 :;8=8:>-?A8E>?0B>;>38G5A:8<8 B5@<8=0<8. >340 K MB> A45;05B5, 2K >G5@B8B5 :@C3 2>7<>6=>9 48DD5@5=F80;L=>9 4803=>AB8:8. 0;LH5, A;54CNI89 MB0? 4803=>AB8G5A:>9 @01>BK: K =0G8=05B5 A>?>AB02;OBL B>, GB> K 7=05B5 87 0=0<=570 > B5G5=88 1>;57=8, A B5<8 ?@54?>;>65=8O<8, :>B>@K5 C 0A 2>7=8:;8 =0 >A=>20=88 0=0;870 AB0BCA0. A;8 A =081>;55 25@>OB=K< ?@54?>;>65=85< A>2?0405B B5G5=85 1>;57=8, 7=0G8B K ?@02K. -B> 8 5ABL 4803=>7. A;8 ?>;CG0NBAO ?@>B82>@5G8O <564C 0=0;87>< 0=0<=570 8 AB0BCA><, 7=0G8B K GB>-B> =5 B0: >F5=8;8. 81> AB0BCA =525@=> >F5=8;8, ;81> K =5?@028;L=> A>1@0;8, =5?@028;L=> 7=05B5 8;8 =5?@028;L=> :20;8D8F8@>20;8 0=0<=5AB8G5A:85 A2545=8O. 01>B0 =0G8=05BAO A=0G0;0. >G5<C MB> >G5=L ?@028;L=>? ><8<> :;8=8G5A:>9 =0456=>AB8 MB>3> ?>4E>40, >= 5I5 8 >G5=L M:>=><=K9. = M:>=><8B =0H8 A>1AB25==K5 8=B5;;5:BC0;L=K5 CA8;8O. 0?@8<5@, 4>:B>@, :>B>@K9 >G5=L E>@>H> 4>;>68; 8AB>@8N 1>;57=8, <=>3> @01>B0;, =0G0;0 48DD5@5=F80;L=CN 4803=>AB8:C A ?@54?>;>65=8O > ?A8E>?0B88. =0 ?>B>< >?@>25@3;0 MB> ?@54?>;>65=85. -B> =5M:>=><=>. A;8 1K >=0 =0G0;0 A> AB0BCA0 - =5 1K205B BO65;>9 45?@5AA88 2 @0<:0E ?A8E>?0B88. 0G5< =C6=> MB> ?@54?>;>65=85? 0< =5B =C64K B@0B8BL A2>5 2@5<O =0 0=0;87 ;8G=>AB=KE >A>15==>AB59. A?>;L7CO MBC <5B>48:C ?@8<5=8B5;L=> : 40==>9 1>;L=>9, 2A5 ?>;CG05BAO 3>@074> :>@>G5. 5@2>5. -B> =5 ?A8E>?0B8O, ?>B><C GB> MB> 1>;57=L. =0 8<55B =0G0;>, A53>4=O 8<55B 45?@5AA8N, GB> A@07C 3>2>@8B, GB> MB> =5GB> 1>;55 BO65;>5, G5< ?A8E>?0B8O 8;8 =52@>7.  MB>9 45?@5AA88 5ABL =52@>B8G5A:85 :><?>=5=BK, ?>;O@=K5, GB> >G5=L 206=>. ABL M;5<5=BK =02O7G82>AB59, ?><=8B5 A MB8< 18;5B><, :>B>@K9 >=0 8I5B 2 AC<>G:5.  5ABL 3@C1K5 8AB5@8G5A:85 @0AAB@>9AB20: <K 8E 8 A53>4=O 2845;8, 8 2 8AB>@88 1>;57=8 >=8 >?8A0=K. -B8 420 M;5<5=B0 2 @0<:0E =52@>7>2 2<5AB5 =5 2AB@5G0NBAO =8:>340. A;8 MB> 8AB5@8:, B> 5ABL 2AO 30<<0 8AB5@8G5A:8E @0AAB@>9AB2 8 =5B =02O7G82>AB59. A;8 MB> ?A8E0AB5=8O, 8;8 GB>-=81C4L 5I5 1;87:>5 : B><C, =02O7G82>AB8 - =5B 8AB5@8G5A:8E @0AAB@>9AB2. >340 B0:85 @0AAB@>9AB20 A<5H820NBAO - MB> :;0AA8G5A:>5 ?>;>65=85 - 5A;8 <K 2848< C >4=>3> 1>;L=>3> 2 AB0BCA5 8 B>, 8 4@C3>5 - MB> H87>D@5=8O. =0G5 =5 1K205B. -B> 0@3C<5=B0F8O 2 ?>;L7C H87>D@5=88, >A=>20==0O =0 0=0;875 AB0BCA0. "5?5@L 0=0;87 B5G5=8O. ;O B>3>, GB>1K CB25@640BL, GB> MB> H87>D@5=8O, 0 =5 <4? - ?>B><C GB> ?@8 <4? 1K20NB 0B8?8G=K5 45?@5AA88 8 B.?. - @0AAC645=85 > B><, GB> 45?@5AA8O =5 =>A8B 28B0;L=>3> E0@0:B5@0 8 ?>B><C MB> =5 <4?, =5 4>AB0B>G=>, ?>B><C GB> ?@8 <.4.?. B>65 1K20NB 0B8?8G=K5 >G5=L A;01K5 45?@5AA88. ><8<> B5E 0@3C<5=B>2, :>B>@K5 O C65 ?@825; 87 B5G5=8O 1>;57=8, >G5=L E>B5;>AL 1K 2KC48BL C:070=85 =0 ?@>3@5485=B=>ABL. (87>D@5=8O >B <4? >B;8G05BAO ?@5645 2A53> B5<, GB> MB> ?@>F5AA, 0 <4? - MB> =5:>5 AB>OG55 >1@07>20=85, =8G53> =5 ?@>8AE>48B :@><5 B>3>, GB> 2>7=8:0NB 2A5 =>2K5 8 =>2K5 D07K. 0: <>6=> @5H8BL, 5ABL ;8 ?@>3@5485=B=>ABL? ABL 420 A?>A>10 @5H8BL. ;8 K A<>B@8B5 =0 B>, GB> ?@>8AE>48B A ;8G=>ABLN, 5ABL ;8 C1548B5;L=K5 >A=>20=8O 3>2>@8BL, GB> ;8G=>ABL <5=O5BAO 2 B5G5=85 701>;520=8O. # MB>9 1>;L=>9 =5B B0:8E >A=>20=89. %>;>4=>ABL, > :>B>@>9 A53>4=O 3>2>@8;8, =54>AB0B>G=0.  45BAB25 >=0 1K;0 E>;>4=0 : 101CH:5. !59G0A E>;>4=0 : 4>G5@8. #B25@640BL, GB> A59G0A >=0 E>;>4=55 : 4>G5@8, G5< :>340-B> 1K;0 E>;>4=0 : 101CH:5, B@C4=>: <>65B 1>;LH5, 0 <>65B 8 AB>;L:> 65. 0, @K40;0 =0AG5B E><OG:0 :>340-B>, => >=0 H87>84. -B> 7=0<5=8B>5 45@52> 8 AB5:;>. B E><OG:0 @K40;0, 0 2>B : 101CH:5 1K;0 E>;>4=0, 8 4065 =0 ?>E>@>=K 55 =5 ?>H;0. =0 1K;0 H87>84=0. -B> A0<> ?> A515 =8 > G5< =5 3>2>@8B, ?>B><C GB> C H87>84>2 1K205B 8 :;0AA8G5A:89 <4?, A>2A5< =5 >1O70B5;L=> H87>D@5=8O. 45AL ?@>3@5485=B=>ABL <>6=> C2845BL A>2A5< 2 4@C3><. # 1>;L=>9 A B5G5=85< 2@5<5=8 ?>O2;ONBAO =>2K5 A8<?B><K. A;8 ?5@2K5 55 D07K 1K;8 8A:;NG8B5;L=> 0DD5:B82=K<8, B> =0 1>;55 ?>74=8E MB0?0E B5G5=8O 1>;57=8 AB0;8 ?>O2;OBLAO =52@>B8G5A:85 2:;NG5=8O, > :>B>@KE O C65 3>2>@8;. 02O7G82>AB8, A><0B870F8O :0:0O-B>. >2K5 A8<?B><K ?>O2;ONBAO 2 AB@C:BC@5 55 D07. >O2;5=85 =>2KE A8<?B><>2 8 C:07K205B =0 B>, GB> MB> ?@>F5AA, GB> 1>;57=L 8<55B B5G5=85. "0:0O 0@3C<5=B0F8O 1>;55 ?@85<;5<0 A B>G:8 7@5=8O <5B>48: :;8=8G5A:>3> @071>@0 8 1>;55 C4>2;5B2>@8B5;L=0 A B>G:8 7@5=8O M:>=><88 A>1AB25==KE CA8;89. / A>3;0A5= A 4803=>7><, :>B>@K9 1K; ?>AB02;5=. > O E>B5; 1K ?5@540BL 0< B5 <5B>48G5A:85 ?@8=F8?K, :>B>@K< CG8; =0A =4@59 ;048<8@>28G. =5 :065BAO, GB> >=8 =5 CB@0B8;8 A2>53> 7=0G5=8O. "5?5@L > ;5G5=88.  B5@0?88 C <5=O 5ABL =5:>B>@K5 ?@5B5=788. 5:>B>@KE 25I59 O =5 >G5=L E>@>H> ?>=8<0N. / =5 ?>=8<0N, ?>G5<C >B45;5=85, ?>AB0282 A>25@H5==> ?@028;L=K9 4803=>7, >A=>2=>9 C?>@ 45;05B =0 ?A8E>B5@0?8N. A8E>B5@0?8O 2A5340 206=0, ?@8 ;N1>9 1>;57=8, => 2 :0:8E-B> A;CG0OE >=0 83@05B >A=>2=CN @>;L, 8 =0 =55 45;0NB AB02:C, 2 4@C38E A;CG0OE >=0 83@05B 2A?><>30B5;L=CN @>;L. - =0 8 745AL 83@0;0 2A?><>30B5;L=CN @>;L. -B> 1K;0 ?A8E>B5@0?52B8G5A:0O 4>102:0 : ;5:0@AB25==>9 B5@0?88. - 0, => 40;LH5 K 45;05B5 AB02:C 2 >A=>2=>< =0 ?A8E>B5@0?8N - 0, ?>B><C GB> 5ABL >G5=L 1>30BK9 >?KB ;5G5=8O 8<5==> B0:8E 1>;L=KE A <0;>?@>3@5485=B=>9 H87>D@5=859 B2>@G5A:8< A0<>2K@065=85< - >?@>1C9B5, O MB> =5 >G5=L E>@>H> ?>=8<0N. / 1K =5 >AB02;O; MBC 1>;L=CN, =5A<>B@O =8 =0 GB>, 157 =51>;LH8E B5@0?52B8G5A:8E 4>7 =59@>;5?B8:>2. / 1K 40; 59 AB5;078= 2,5-5 <3 2 45=L 8 25; 55 =0 =5< >G5=L 4>;3>. -B> ?@>1;5<0, :>B>@0O 2>7=8:05B ?5@54 2A5<8 =0<8. !>3;0A=> ?@8:07C 8=74@020, >AA8O, :0: AB@0=0, ?@8A>548=82H0OAO : <564C=0@>4=>9 :>=25=F88, 4>;6=0 8A?>;L7>20BL -10. > -10 K 59 ?>AB028B5 @5:C@5=B=K9 18?>;O@=K9 45?@5AA82=K9 M?87>4, BO65;K9. A;8 E>B8B5 <>6=> 5I5 ?@8A>548=8BL =52@>B8G5A:85 @0AAB@>9AB20. K 4>;6=K :0: <>6=> ?>;=55 >B@078BL 2AN A8<?B><0B8:C, :>B>@0O 1K;0 C 1>;L=>9 2 MB> ?>ABC?;5=85. 0: =0< 1KBL 2 ?;0=5 =0H53> 42>5<KA;8O, MB> 2>?@>A <8@>2>77@5=8O :064>3> 2@0G0. / ?>=8<0N, GB> -10 MB> 8A:CAAB25==0O A8AB5<0B8:0, =5 ?@5B5=4CNI0O =8 =0 :0:CN =0CG=>ABL, =0 B>, GB>1K :0:-B> >B@060BL 5AB5AB25==K5 ?@>F5AAK. # 02B>@>2  425 F5;8: >15A?5G8BL A>?>AB028<>ABL 40==KE 2A5E 8AA;54>20B5;59, :>B>@K5 682CB 2 @07=KE 3>@>40E 8 2 @07=KE AB@0=0E 8 8A?>254CNB A>25@H5==> @07=K5 :;8=8G5A:85 B>G:8 7@5=8O. -B> ?5@20O 3;02=0O F5;L. =0 =0?8A0=0 :0: :><?LNB5@=0O ?@>3@0<<0. B>@0O F5;L - A>F80;L=>3> E0@0:B5@0. &5;L :0: <>6=> @565 AB028BL A>F80;L=> AB83<0B878@CNI89 4803=>7. "0< 4065 =0?8A0=>: 5A;8 <>6=> =5 ?>AB028BL H87>D@5=8N, ;CGH5 55 =5 AB028BL. -B> B0:0O I04OI0O 4803=>AB8:0, B0: :0: 8725AB=>, GB> H87>D@5=8O 2545B : >1I5AB25==><C >BB>@65=8N. >MB><C <K 8<55< ?@02> >AB028BL ?@8 A515 2A5 A2>8 :;8=8G5A:85 273;O4K 8 4;O >BG5B>2 ?>;L7>20BLAO -10, GB> >G5=L C4>1=>, 0 4;O :;8=8G5A:>9 @01>BK ?>;L7>20BLAO A>1AB25==K<8 =01;N45=8O<8. > MB> 45;> :064>3> 2@0G0. PAGE  PAGE 1 ^`b "D">6?EERRVV:_d_vggmmx.xDΆhzԏ&>~FJ\l  2 T(...N3XXXZZ|aac24TZLNҖԖXZpCJaJ jCJU 6CJ] 5CJ\CJCJ$5B*CJ$\aJ$ph33T` "F"&(-V1*89<>8?ERV:_vgmxhz@ & Fdd[$\$ & Fdd[$\$$a$  @~Jl T.XZ|a4\Ҕ $$Ifa$$a$ & Fdd[$\$fLNҖԖ&XZ6prl$  X$IfJ$$IfT<0yM$634<aprxzTj,8,*T2Fεfx޿L^`n<NRH4J*T $ ,p4b^0_2___&a(araxaaefq 6CJ]56CJ\] 5CJ\CJCJaJX֘\xzT,l & Fdd[$\$J$$IfT<0yM$634<a$If*2εfLn<H8 & Fdd[$\$ & Fdd[$\$ & Fdd[$\$ & Fdd[$\$ & Fdd[$\$Tv<       & ,r:t  & F dd[$\$ & F dd[$\$ & F dd[$\$ & Fdd[$\$ d0 ^!#%(+,^./ 0v01d34~<< & Fdd[$\$ & Fdd[$\$ & Fdd[$\$ & F dd[$\$ & F dd[$\$ & F dd[$\$<">?CDF.KMRZ^2__(ataxaaeJhVlqq & Fdd[$\$ & Fdd[$\$ & Fdd[$\$ & Fdd[$\$ & Fdd[$\$qqq@rBrtrvrsHvXv))              0JmHnHu0J j0JU 5CJ\ B*CJph5B*CJ\aJphCJ5B*CJ\aJ$phqqBrvrs tHvvz|()*:ADCCCDD [&jdjhjh޷^ & F$a$L@2          &`#$ ,1h. A!n"7#S$S% L.Dd8"*  S AC:\WINDOWS\ 01>G89 AB>;\ CAA:89 548F8=A:89 !5@25@ - ;8=8G5A:0O ?A8E80B@8O 8 A5:A>;>38O.files\psc1.files\psc1.gifb,]#ɩc]ұ,Dn,]#ɩc]ұPNG  IHDRHF?tRNSCbKGD#2 cmPPJCmp0712`,$IDATx^]䨮gY"PhzTYD$"`GחHvϷt< =T6~ X_")`̠JBK$n(3h0+l) $Ri7SdDX@6D(sOK ezK_"}HgIh%D _dzFDzH=Ck_PK$d.(h+tSһ'%IؖT>WfOoi,p}$m]]]28TIaaYI1'*j"%:|[2(DҰBZG2q;KRBcHRRĨ}Z&5N,F}=񰓨W\`\6bS&RԤ$4'N_"#j|lcu1)"­+XW<ѼQ&ɛ1)J_"!o?o\57܎|tH~rtI7QHs"*I??e沩"mJ`:9FG s<۳DB#Ϗ<>89,S)"#qPɸj 񑉏?*G.;d$QQN`~RQ"sSn. 4K b2XMeQTMƀ1WU`~d`,z3xb;n5\M5VcKϭUX*x^/yQym fPV[k8WSu;ܘZxFGVFf_\ UQ:6%ۘeM ҘpW͐81ɑyq\.i!AσFORI7c\C$% 6s1=  rd\={2CXFÓ6pfDzrUi{QCVF7,QRqSI#ĪX+){qCTf' GI$J*I!)K Gu#ΠgC%%T4J/U !(:H6cPƪnqm]J8=,# /|{ۣ5l4/rN%o@$#K`%|HSdh__`DDޑ`cZ"u[#4!Ŀ`whdwkQ{/!L>PE $<'ǒ^漖hV9$XucW%L99̗`xbFX³QP7&gؕ!vgM6=$ 3mQ,l7Bn#$QH.ᑖ#PGڔУLGvH #%$NI %4ޅ{IH Q#ai 2H.di‘D"p<|F ͜Љ@C<҃)b9 9nHa؀ْ18lSȁ]w$)PM48Q!VoD0%Xˀ&+%B4~]*!ҏH"+RVkdh:E]{,qE8vbB,>ds^Zc;T&2#`oӪIկs(o3Mv4$w"E@ݰ#"\6D煚hY*+IUj%j G[-;3xM.䓵FXb6M/{RiEFqٖ6K$<ImhHD1(eTT f-I8t{h)c$ۡXn_=(A1S9p2>~NtdgVtX"ʬ߰) G ^e &p9  q?OB1DY2J@2*`RI$l] $A${׆b%E- T#Idti$ ލ0V@|6E` oU-'!WH( ;)6ϸDI%I0W 衤DbG$C ()Qc0,^vtTpD !o;/9k_J (dK-#}6'Bhl*}AAdI5ɟGSǡ_D0H:ԮX`0 RMK%SNL'r"逹6;BЍI-UqpBЈh$iI$C[sII*ъkͶvJVVDxP!t&! x,޳ 5;elBqA$Bp!6yU^H$JudYa'[HvXU74Q QCh[a"馫PĺbNbĿɑ$<'J(5/Ztp#9HGY'¶ɏ_ 2lGn0WfK$;4˴,mȝEX5P$ e hQ:I, ?GEb%4S$Ph"DBxb #0R-3|Ԙܐ/-"2$hL$6l)X(5?#Ի06(N2mO'& Hjd*+MTm:N 7 B@8t뚕2rP k;!QcC. Ea(A4  EX$< 8,jW]j{׷Ǡsk!Qc"%׶_Cjh̆ <o06* l;\#p-  f.(Hċ:GAe!,``o G,,~<'awF8piq(it% O>[snd"qN=P6&,& )ww)Dt'x@km8Ac&]6 S3jBාJ $>D0M> ,=*y;2 }a4bP|[!D#-v倰ވ*!\e&'1ڴB7RNhL<@ ,6Hk$(dsU促$]dT1<#)fp-hH%w3_?'dIhvap"NifP*NjHE5{ R c [@r^h +;>/5l|H)XS(쎌&'Y(H1 ~L{3(+)7>^kA_/I-2^ʗ·DG"nlM -Ѹ޴_SRQ?J)J.-4UwO$+"(P" Z0l " $BE+Dc_H#0xSpi8LID'+X! Ae `5VHBEbA$o8XLDC c.@G h Iv@D$dM8t3ye -)< btIo؄\,j?XK.$k^JnMH :kRxE]5jЊ2CDBj͸ĂPtrDkL~9ɿg{Aay"DWNL]SRV uc-Dv$BQtoݿ+8THR F 6ia1 9lj5:cVOf$X%?I" C|ZANgBN$np(F#HHĩnZ$ӀKsDWCGƣ̠># Ir4 X ɠTr p1tap_2y:>4tb>0``a~ZN,ب2M<Zp'x>u@Q*gKۦ)ʵ]C#9(L5?\JN'?{쫊57 MR4|",ضX&Ȇl7&@4$~m(Adn Jk[d#.@;ZӥsNqQKUlD7qwwӮ;G  '4$c#GA$$Ix1[rS:'$Q޷sڮɢDM%02&ٛ$< @$ЊE%Z"mx$3ޣ[iyD{_K| 5<5sw/(D"zMT 5PrHVy"VGl>P2c!&BWA,Hœn6{:ݦg읉v* MOcioI4$ONpy*#X6Lw#on.mC@6#;m< H#\;ey2ғ(QFCm5M, m."zaE fv&w$ϙ]V_44SgKrs؉4i]~fLZ$(V"/N \zx*f[kۮ2JȈ%OM̲] T~NNH8䁛_16s_$tz*]aG$g&T%CGSk͊xH1,v?%'Hpn8ܺ\g%IgCDN2D \'kM sʞ:< A\v1ڇ?Mȳu)m#hD$ֵI_FPV#2?Q$MN+г#Ѱܒ rGX8$畁Im!G H7p|lW{Wl&6Iq ۢT\|I$Ivϻ=|"'N@񬅹as`:\Y Qr=(Ifs54<{闌`F^By"29 ga n5xRy Pu^lb9 K#-Lx^ɣLBdJ2~="ݔ#Hph^JEHӓD!NI֦%`pm,Xkﴑt.$-C$?LH:I"0#mAjKdN``r@> ga #)K$y݉H:IB7HۦZS%Bt,C*EPlNZenãr&~,sP!lgNlQ?biШЂ GreL@$J!C6>3}, 'Һ" Jm~HNJ:MdR.ѳ*rƅE2fnCzP1G0iBr0KiN!Cn#LBíɓ T<"L\ÔHi2bn9M؞&ePMR"u( !emvXv{d*g^fK&))ITDtGrgdjHH] p (^g4Ie.І":|G lI돔GE*R>:z7@.ײŧ( 2) JIJ.?T-,"uLss{xQm4$Ew!%hoF5<)c=J2JZ:%=n(5~ 6X &!6K6T<)-ߺt@)D%W=JbcC9I{[R\[ (hD!v;w;HI MNZڍD4JԪ-뜤H/b"r`!I`㠌8\'J3',8DSn{H/r"@)_M7Y3™ѭG1J,zGW׭(m$H_|xNA(CQYWS ו¢\|6&i2j<[SH]P 1C|}Q.ZsPl+BE Pw?iE*J[ҤIې哐܇m])g-UE)|BGn7Xp5bg7e\~J"kiK$Ӽ#lYDE## &H)MsϤ3S/HAz,gٗHyML*o A"c(>y 9(zQj3BAA|DJɉy鉔"Wqq]s+u:f7+qҝ !4k[$G-D9oI&Ȩңr.IMtrbpnN9QqF@rd"4U=:$"˾P#J͖[ F;{(pR̤fnyT?Ւ9OFp3{TJ 떶LTZ$y U5nUX=罈ȟH)X*TkeO5#,qXҲK*up7ATLX2Dj!\,G 2+,')a@$t ?C,7jLܷK>"_"R=9I݅D_"DՐʦ1){?3$_EzZCW1CQ*o"}H.0~Dr`;msFQHKٌk}Vx{*o;ۡxz8n vlN( 7om_~$GWϫ[||Dj ux|+Y>GN)Mפp@J$GM^6~Hߢ(f`?IJ`4c|\nZHeQz:>L*ֻ;QʿgNy /u.~{^%RwIf~O1_Q;2O{%mu8FI"ׁь:Q8Ś ,N#v;Ok'&*Eq-=Ҝ8 څAcooEκ6{pq2=>9 H@8DB 0170F0<^`< 1KG=K9 (Web)dd[$\$B @B 86=89 :>;>=B8BC;  E$,)@, ><5@ AB@0=8FK*0P# } F'f)-14:?PADEGJJ?O%jo*DOOM.Pi&'Fij89H]^kGN37QD|;S EE   m   SA/;f?za !#$s'+b---....0%2+4666!7;778$9L9S;a<H^dP͞Uv24~ 00000 0 0 0 0 0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0  0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0  0 0000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000000 0 0 000000000000000000000000 0000000000@@0@0 pq  @ <q      *,Ct !!  + bt^loYfis!!""####$$%&&&E(O(((&*0*"+++c+k+...///111111>2K2 3*3n4y444.6>6|88s9~9::F;Z;F<L<h<x<<<4=@=@@@@@@AA.B8BwBBBBCC#D/DDDDEHHHH?IKIIIJ"JYJaJfKwKaMnM?OPOOOYYYY^^hhFkMkdkpkkkgnrnnnqqqq&r4rur|rssRsZs]sfs9t@tttgwpw̄ۄ;LvU_ڈ$(;ۉu%etuĚƚӚ !6cl,<«Ϋfvد+8Oait~<L~~$o|P` nzWgp}$2p{q~kw[fpz(5hp4=[`"'do  kvK)T),,..... /7707:7h7y777SSSSSSYYdYZZ [[\*\M\S\a!iv { + JV07FGKL!#$$&&E(O(*-../00133S4U4::==?OAPACCDEGHDJYLdLO]QS SXXYY[[^^_&_ bbhhdkpkkopoqqeqss"tttufwgwpwLw_^JR Ye"(qzǢѢ gLʹw~#,gmt|GL.4n{4=9 kwyhp-5  ! Bmpa s    B H ST;<w  $$%&))V)`)**m++5577+9,9.9/999;;1@6@,B-B}DDEEHHFIJIIII#J@JEJKKPPUUVVWWXad=Dn Lily9D:\8B5@0BC@0\A8E8G5A:85 1>;57=8. ;8=8G5A:89 @071>@.doc 8Yxi,%kbFFH'I%n&\ 'xL /;Ct]L1&SP:@sbTrT 2<DX}~}KZm+__&a e6+nx*sE`u$wp 'zɞ ^`.^`.pp^p`.@ @ ^@ `.^`.^`.^`.^`.PP^P`.^`.^`.pp^p`.@ @ ^@ `.^`.^`.^`.^`.PP^P`.^`.^`.pp^p`.@ @ ^@ `.^`.^`.^`.^`.PP^P`.^`.^`.pp^p`.@ @ ^@ `.^`.^`.^`.^`.PP^P`.^`.^`.pp^p`.@ @ ^@ `.^`.^`.^`.^`.PP^P`.^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`.^`.pp^p`.@ @ ^@ `.^`.^`.^`.^`.PP^P`.^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`.^`.pp^p`.@ @ ^@ `.^`.^`.^`.^`.PP^P`.^`.^`.pp^p`.@ @ ^@ `.^`.^`.^`.^`.PP^P`.^`.^`.pp^p`.@ @ ^@ `.^`.^`.^`.^`.PP^P`.^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(&E`u]L+n '+__TkbԋRY*s}KZRP RbTa eDXH'I%R;C 'z /w,OOZDo뼆tHfܜ38`_" L0jP?\^$Fp^PE@J:x:p tkRFRxjR1v30c~oJBDRe(sm^iv@! ް.Ԃ f{NrvҀ.\Fx6 LXV?VfKNoFD@VP8~"4VJD ^q"N#lfb90vW9d˨\)jюL|*bdz0Đ B|\,LH, :NFT|4:tT̀^"2 V&~,;[TX Rz!X"0XԜ.{gBwt{4iI`\0Y^@gM&\xKU$s.H|0gBb ַn62玨, I>^ cLDƯ6"pn|`O8f ؐ؈Fh=P zٜ @y6*"dhR$65> 6(΀-~,̤6DiBD`';P0Fw{86  xN~&^(pP~.w*ȜTppұ[|T gWJJ`Tɜc\Dlt s"J.* ʱkr ̚* W^:ra)"|px~ɸtZX(Ғ}=6e2tZ"8 Zbwvn2-Pi&'Fij89H]^k@``@UnknownG:Times New Roman5Symbol3& :Arial?5 :Courier New;Wingdings"1h.%t9%t JrYnS0dz 628C:\WINDOWS\Application Data\Microsoft\(01;>=K\Normal.dot/A8E8G5A:85 1>;57=8 8 >1I5=85 A 4CH52=>1>;L=K<8LilyLilyZOh+'0 (4 P \ ht|0 Lilyilyily Normal.dot Lilyl.d2lyMicrosoft Word 9.0 @d@Dj@FqJrZ՜.+,D՜.+,d  hp  homeOz  0  h 8@ _PID_HLINKSA qTVsC:\WINDOWS\ 01>G89 AB>;\ CAA:89 548F8=A:89 !5@25@ - ;8=8G5A:0O ?A8E80B@8O 8 A5:A>;>38O.files\psc1.files\psc1.gif  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-/0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`bcdefghjklmnopwRoot Entry F]{yData L.1Table.eWordDocument.*SummaryInformation(aDocumentSummaryInformation8iCompObjjObjectPool]{]{  F Microsoft Word MSWordDocWord.Document.89q