first { BLOCK } @list

Evaluates a block of Perl code and sets $_ to each element of the list in turn. If BLOCK is true, first returns the first element. If BLOCK never returns true, or @list has no items, then first returns undef. Note that first doesn't necessarily return the first item in a list. Consider the following:

my @ll = qw(1 2 3);
my $fir = first { $_ > 1 } @ll;
print "$fir\n"; # Prints '2', since as 2 is the first item
                # in BLOCK that's > 1

max @list

Returns the entry in the list with the highest numerical value. If the list is empty, max returns undef:

my @ll = qw(100 294 2 4 95 73);
my $max_num = max @ll; 
print "$max_num\n"; # Prints '294'

maxstr @list

Similar to max, except that maxstr treats all list items as strings. maxstr will return the "highest string" as determined by the gt operator. As always, if list is empty, maxstr returns undef.

my @ll = qw(1 3 5 nate Person pizza man carl_everett dinosaur);
my $max_s = maxstr(@ll);
print "$max_s\n"; # Prints 'pizza'

min @list

Returns the lowest numerical value. If the list is empty, min returns undef.

minstr @list

Treats all list items as strings, but returns the "lowest string" as determined by the lt operator. If the list is empty, minstr returns undef.

reduce { BLOCK } @list

Literally "reduces" @list by calling BLOCK until there are no more items to operate on in @list. reduce sets $a and $b for each operation in BLOCK and returns the reduced list as a scalar. If @list is 0, BLOCK is not executed, and $list[0] is returned. If @list is empty, then reduce returns undef.

You can sum and concatenate a list using reduce like so:

my $sum_of_list = reduce { $a + $b } @ll; # sum
my $concat_list = reduce { $a . $b } @ll; # concat

shuffle @LIST

Returns list items in random order.

sum @LIST

Returns the sum of all items in the list. Note that sum deals only with numerical list items and will ignore any other list items. For example:

my @ll = qw(1 3 5 nate Person pizza man carl_everett dinosaur 6.54);
my $sum_of_list = sum(@ll);
print "$sum_of_list\n"; # Prints '15.54'