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12.4. Classical Menubars
A classical menubar refers to the
pre-Tk 8 idiom of arranging Menubutton widgets inside a Frame packed
and stretched across the top of a MainWindow or Toplevel. Help
Menubuttons are right justified on Unix machines. While you
don't want to write new code in this style, it's
important to know this idiom, because there's a lot of existing
code written in this manner.
The following is typical classical menubar style, except for the use
of -menuitems. Luckily for us, the three menu item
subroutines are identical to our previous versions and generate a
menubar that looks just like Figure 12-1. Most
classical menubars create Menubuttons, Menus, and menu items as
described in Section 12.2.1, "Menubars the Clunky, Casual, Old-Fashioned Way".
use subs qw/edit_menuitems file_menuitems help_menuitems/;
my $mw = MainWindow->new;
my $menubar = $mw->Frame(qw/-relief raised -borderwidth 2/);
$menubar->pack(qw/-fill x/);
my $file = $menubar->Menubutton(qw/-text File -underline 0/,
-menuitems => file_menuitems);
my $edit = $menubar->Menubutton(qw/-text Edit -underline 0/,
-menuitems => edit_menuitems);
my $help = $menubar->Menubutton(qw/-text Help -underline 0/,
-menuitems => help_menuitems);
$file->pack(qw/-side left/);
$edit->pack(qw/-side left/);
$help->pack(qw/-side right/);
12.4.1. Menubutton Options
The options specified with the
Menubutton command (or via the
configure method) can affect the Button part of
the Menubutton, both the Button and the Menu, or just the
Menu.[25] The options that affect the Menu
are valid for the Menu widget as well as the Menubutton widget. Here
is a brief synopsis of all the options and their effects. When the
description says "Affects the Button only," the behavior
is the same as it would be for a Button widget.
- -activebackground => color
-
Affects the background color of the
button and the currently highlighted menu item.
- -activeforeground => color
-
Affects the text color of the button
and the currently highlighted menu item.
- -anchor => 'n' | 'ne' | 'e' | 'se' | 's' | 'sw' | 'w' | 'nw' | 'center'
-
Affects the button only. Changes the
position of the text within the button.
- -background => color
-
Affects the button and the menu. All
the background color changes to color when
the state of the button and the menu items is
'normal'.
- -bitmap => bitmapname
-
Affects the button only. Displays
bitmap instead of text.
- -borderwidth => amount
-
Affects the button only. Changes the
width of the button edges.
- -cursor => cursorname
-
Affects the button only. Changes the
cursor when it's over the button part of the menubutton.
- -disabledforeground => color
-
Affects the button and the menu item
text when the -state for either is
'disabled'.
- -direction => "above" | "below" | "left" | "right" | "flush"
-
Tk 8
option only. The value "above" puts the menu above
the menubutton, "below" puts it below the button,
and "left" and "right" put it
on the appropriate side of the button. "flush"
puts the menu directly over the button.
- -font => fontname
-
Affects the button only. Changes the
font of any text displayed in the button.
- -foreground => color
-
Affects the button only. Changes the
color of any text or bitmap to color.
- -height => amount
-
Affects the button only. Changes the
height of the button.
- -highlightbackground => color
-
Affects the button only. Changes the
color of the highlight rectangle displayed around the button when the
button does not have the keyboard focus.
- -highlightcolor => color
-
Affects the button only. Changes the
color of the highlight rectangle displayed around the button when the
button has the keyboard focus.
- -highlightthickness => amount
-
Affects the button only. Default is 0.
Changes the width of the highlight rectangle around all edges of the
button.
- -image => imgptr
-
Affects the button only. Displays an
image instead of text.
- -indicatoron => 0 | 1
-
Affects the button; indirectly affects
the display mechanism for the menu. When set to 1, a small bar
appears on the right side of the button next to any text, bitmap, or
image.
- -justify => 'left' | 'right' | 'center'
-
Affects the button only. Changes the
justification of the text within the button.
- -menu => $menu
-
Tells the
menubutton to display the menu associated with
$menu instead of anything specified via the
-menuitems option.
- -menuitems => list
-
Causes the menu to display a list of
items to create.
- -padx => amount
-
Affects the button only. Adds extra
space to the left and right of the button inside the button edge.
- -pady => amount
-
Affects the button only. Adds extra
space to the top and bottom of the button inside the button edge.
- -relief => 'flat' | 'groove' | 'raised' | 'ridge' | 'sunken'
-
Affects the button only. The relief of
the button changes to 'raised' when the button is
pressed.
- -state => 'normal' | 'active' | 'disabled'
-
Affects the button; indirectly affects
the menu (the menu cannot be displayed if state is
'disabled').
- -takefocus => 0 | 1 | undef
-
Affects the button only. Determines
whether or not the button can have the keyboard focus.
- -tearoff => 0 | 1
-
Affects the
menu only. If set to 0, does not display the tearoff dashed line in
the menu.
- -text => text string
-
Affects the button only. Displays the
specified string on the button (ignored if the
-bitmap or -image option is
used).
- -textvariable => \$variable
-
Affects the button only. The
information displayed in $variable is displayed on
the button.
- -underline => charpos
-
Affects the button only. The character
at the integer charpos is underlined. If
the button has the keyboard focus, pressing the Alt key causes the
button that corresponds to the underlined character to be pressed.
- -width => amount
-
Affects the button only. Changes the
width of the button to amount.
- -wraplength => pos
-
Affects the button only. Default is 0.
Determines the screen distance for the maximum amount of text
displayed on one line.
12.4.2. Button-Only Options
The following options affect only the button portion of the
menubutton, and behave exactly as described in Chapter 4, "
Button, Checkbutton, and Radiobutton Widgets": -cursor,
-anchor, -bitmap,
-borderwidth, -font,
-foreground, -height,
-highlightbackground,
-highlightcolor,
-highlightthickness, -image,
-justify, -padx,
-pady, -relief,
-state, -takefocus,
-text, -textvariable,
-underline, -width, and
-wraplength.
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| 12.3. The Win32 System Menu Item |  | 12.5. Popup Menus |
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